BITTER ORANGE Chemical Properties

FEMA 

2823 | ORANGE PEEL BITTER OIL (CITRUS AURANTIUM L.)

Odor

at 100.00 %. orangeflower

Odor Type

floral

EPA Substance Registry System

Oils, orange, sour (68916-04-1)

Safety Information

Toxicity

The acute oral LD₅₀ value in rats was reported as > 5 g/kg (Owen, 1971a). The acute dermal LD₅₀ value in rabbits was reported as > 10 g/kg (Owen, 1971b).

BITTER ORANGE Usage And Synthesis

Uses

Besides medicinal uses, limes are widely used in food, health products, fragrances, skincare and cosmetics, and daily chemical products. Lime is one of the world's four most famous fruits, with a juice content as high as 43%, and its juice is rich in amino acids and vitamin C, ranking first among citrus fruits. Through deep processing, it can be used to produce beverages, canned goods, preserves, pectin, and jellies. Lime peel can be used to extract aromatic oils and orange peel essential oil. Aromatic oils are essential raw materials in the chemical, food, and textile industries; orange peel essential oil is effective for chronic bronchitis and can be used to develop health sprays and other products to relieve chronic bronchitis.

Application

Infusions of the fruit can be used to reduce fever, relieve headaches, and calm palpitations. The juice helps the body eliminate waste. In traditional Chinese medicine, the unripe fruit is called "Zhi Shi," which helps relieve flatulence and abdominal distension. The essential oil of lime, especially neroli oil, is a sedative used to lower heart rate, relieve palpitations, promote sleep, and treat digestive disorders. Diluted neroli oil is used for massage. The flower distillate can be used as an antispasmodic and sedative.

Description

Refer to ORANGE BLOSSOMS, ABSOLUTE.

Chemical Properties

Bitter orange peel oil can be obtained by the following methods: (1) expression of fresh fruit rinds (peel) using suitable machinery that ruptures the oil-bearing cells, followed by separation and purification by centrifugation or (2) steam distillation of peels. The quality of the product obtained by expression is quite different and considered of much higher quality than oil obtained by steam distillation. The oil has a fragrant, bitter flavor.

Chemical Properties

Neroli bigarade is a product obtained by processing flowers of the bitter orange tree. The blossoming flowers are the only part used. Neroli bigarade has a very powerful floral odor with a bitter flavor. For additional information, see Orange, Bitter.

Chemical Properties

Bitter orange oil is obtained by pressing fresh peel fromthe fruits of C. aurantium L. (Rutaceae). It is produced mainly in Mediterranean countries and is a pale yellow to yellowish-brown liquid with a slightly mandarin-like odor and a somewhat bitter aroma.
d²⁰₂₀ 0.840–0.860; n²⁰_D 1.472–1.476; α²⁰_D +88 ° to +98 °; evaporation residue: 3.5–6%; solubility: 1 vol in ≤8 vol. 90% ethanol. Composition by GC: limonene 93–95%; linalyl acetate 0.5–1%; decanal tr. ?0.3% (data of Mediterranean type; data for American and Equatorial type may differ slightly).
Although limonene is also the main component, at 92.95–95%, the content of other constituents differs from that of sweet orange oil; that is, its aldehyde content is lower and its ester (e.g., linalyl and geranyl acetate) content is higher.
In addition to the fruits, other parts of bitter orange tree, C. aurantium L., also serve for the production of fragrant raw materials: Neroli oil and orange flower absolute are obtained from the flowers, and the twigs and leaves yield the so-called petitgrain bigarade oil.
Worldwide production of bitter orange oil ismuch lower than that of other pressed peel oils. The preferred quality is produced in Spain (Seville bitter orange oil). Bitter orange oil is predominantly used for flavoring alcoholic beverages (liqueurs).

Physical properties

Oil obtained by expression has a deep-yellow color.

Physical properties

The absolute obtained from concrete is a yellow-red liquid with an extremely suave odor typical of the flower

Occurrence

Found in the fresh peel of the fruit Citrus aurantium Linne (Fam. Rutaceae).

Preparation

By the expression of the fresh peel of the fruit, Citrus aurantium Linne, by various methods, without the use of heat.

Definition

Extractives and their physically modified derivatives. Citrus aurantium, Citrus.

Essential oil composition

Dried flowers and leaves of bitter orange had a similar flavonoid pattern, but the flavonoid levels of flowers were higher than those of leaves. The mean levels of the principal flavonoid compounds were, respectively, total flavonoids 12.35 and 1.06%, neohesperidin 5.44 and 0.08%, naringin 1.93 and 0.06%, eriocitrin 0.38 and 0.25%.

Essential oil composition

The main constituents include d-limonene, various acids, aldehydes and diesters.

BITTER ORANGE(68916-04-1)Related Product Information

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