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Gelatin

Product Name
Gelatin
CAS No.
9000-70-8
Chemical Name
Gelatin
Synonyms
GELATINE;FISH GELATIN;gelatins;GELATIN TYPE A;TELEOSTEAN GELATIN;gt;GELATINA;Anti-Mouse;BOVINEGELATIN;Gelatin Bovine
CBNumber
CB9680379
Molecular Formula
C6H12O6
Formula Weight
0
MOL File
Mol file
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Gelatin Property

Melting point:
>226°C (dec.)
Density 
1.2
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
H2O: 67 mg/mL at 50 °C, slightly hazy, slightly yellow
form 
powder
pka
pKa 3.7to4.5(H2O t=25 I=0.00 N2atmosphere) (Uncertain)
color 
Pale yellow to beige
Odor
Musty odour
PH Range
4 - 7 at 66.7 g/l at 60 °C
PH
4.0-6.0 (25℃, 67mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility 
SOLUBLE IN HOT WATER
Merck 
13,4393
Stability:
Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
EPA Substance Registry System
Gelatins (9000-70-8)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xi
Risk Statements 
36/37/38
Safety Statements 
24/25-36/37/39-27-26
WGK Germany 
3
RTECS 
LX8580000
3
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
35030010
Hazardous Substances Data
9000-70-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
48722
Product name
Gelatin from porcine skin
Purity
mediumgelstrength,suitableformicrobiology
Packaging
100g
Price
$58.4
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
48724
Product name
Gelatin from porcine skin
Purity
formicrobiology,highgelstrength
Packaging
500g
Price
$100
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
48722
Product name
Gelatin from porcine skin
Purity
mediumgelstrength,suitableformicrobiology
Packaging
500g
Price
$94.7
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
48720
Product name
Gelatin from porcine skin
Purity
suitableformicrobiology,lowgelstrength
Packaging
500g
Price
$292
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1288485
Product name
Gelatin
Purity
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Packaging
500MG
Price
$453
Updated
2024/03/01
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Gelatin Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Gelatin does not occur in nature as such, but is derived by hydrolysis of collagen, the chief protein component in connective tissues of the animal body. The major sources of collagen are cattle hides, pig skins and bones. The resulting gelatin is of two types commonly designated A and B, depending upon which of two processes are used to convert the collagen into gelatin. Type A gelatin is derived primarily from pig skin by acid processing; it has an isoelectric point between pH 7 and pH 9. Type B is from cattle hides and bones by alkaline or lime processing and has an isoelectric point between pH 4.7 and pH 5.1.

Chemical Properties

white to slightly yellow powder, also knownas glutin,is a protein found in many animal tissues including skin, cartilage, horn, and bone. Gelatin is used in leather dressings, in photography, in metallurgy, in the plastics industry, and in pharmaceuticals.

Physical properties

Gelatin is colorless or slightly yellow, transparent, brittle, practically odorless, tasteless, presenting as sheets, flakes or a coarse powder. On being warmed, gelatin disperses into the water resulting in a stable suspension. Water solutions of gelatin will form a reversible gel if cooled below the specific gel point of gelatin. The gel point is dependent on the source of the raw material. Gelatin extracted from the tissues of warm-blooded animals will have a gel point in the range of 30°C - 35°C. Gelatin extracted from the skin of cold-water ocean fish will have a gel point in the range of 5°C - 10°C. Gelatin is soluble in aqueous solutions of polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin and propylene glycol.

Occurrence

Gelatin is a protein obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen, the chief protein component in skin, bones, hides, and white connective tissues of the animal body. Type A gelatin is produced by acid processing of collagenous raw material; type B is produced by alkaline or lime processing. Because it is obtained from collagen by a controlled partial hydrolysis and does not exist in nature, gelatin is classified as a derived protein. Animal glue and gelatin hydrolysate, sometimes referred to as liquid protein, are products obtained by a more complete hydrolysis of collagen and can thus be considered as containing lower molecular-weight fractions of gelatin.

History

Extraction of gelatin for use as a glue by cooking hides dates back to the earliest recorded history of man and appears in the literature of the items up to the present day. During the early years of the Napoleonic era it was manufactured on a large scale in an attempt to alleviate the food shortages resulting from the English naval blockade of Europe. Gelatin was first manufactured in the U.S. in 1809. In 1845 a U.S. patent was granted for a gelatin which contained all the ingredients fitting it for table use, and required only the addition of hot water and subsequent cooling to prepare it for serving.

Uses

As stabilizer, thickener and texturizer in food; manufacture of rubber substitutes, adhesives, cements, lithographic and printing inks, plastic Compounds, artificial silk, photographic plates and films, matches, light filters for mercury lamps; clarifying agent; in hectographic masters; sizing paper and textiles; for inhibiting crystallization in bacteriology, for preparing cultures. Pharmaceutic aid (suspending agent; encapsulating agent; tablet binder; tablet and coating agent). Gelatin is a hydrophilic chemical useful in histochemistry, bacterial culture media and light microscope autoradiography.

Uses

gelatin is used as a natural sealant against moisture loss and as a formulation thickener. The films produced by gelatin are tacky when moist and hard, and brittle when dry. It is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of mature collagen derived from the skin, connective tissue, and bones of animals. It does not have the waterbinding ability of soluble collagen.

Uses

Gelatin is a protein that functions as a gelling agent. it is obtained from collagen derived from beef bones and calf skin (type b) or pork skin (type a). type b is derived from alkali-treated tissue and has an isoelectric point between ph 4.7 and 5.0. type a is derived from acid-treated tissue and has an isoelectric point between ph 7.0 and 9.0. it forms thermally reversible gels which set at 20°c and melt at 30°c. the gel strength is measured by means of a bloom gellometer and ranges from 50 to 300 with a 250 bloom being the most common. it is used in desserts at 8–10% of the dry weight, in yogurt at 0.3–0.5%, in ham coatings at 2–3%, and in confectionery and capsules at 1.5–2.5%.

Production Methods

Gelatin is extracted from animal tissues rich in collagen such as skin, sinews, and bone. Although it is possible to extract gelatin from these materials using boiling water, it is more practical to first pretreat the animal tissues with either acid or alkali. Gelatin obtained from the acid process is called type A, whereas gelatin obtained from the alkali process is called type B.
The acid-conditioning process (manufacture of type A gelatin) is restricted to soft bone ossein (demineralized bones), sinew, pigskin, calfskin and fish skins for reasons of gaining sufficient yield. The material is cut in pieces and washed in cold water for a few hours to remove superficial fat. It is then treated with mineral acid solutions, mainly HCl or H2SO4, at pH 1–3 and 15–20°C until maximum swelling has occurred. This process takes approximately 24 hours. The swollen stock is then washed with water to remove excess acid, and the pH is adjusted to pH 3.5–4.0 (pigskin, fish skin) or 2.0–3.5 (all other tissues) for the conversion to gelatin by hot-water extraction.
The hydrolytic extraction is carried out in a batch-type operation using successive portions of hot water at progressively higher temperatures (50–75°C) until the maximum yield of gelatin is obtained. The gelatin solution is then filtered through previously sterilized cellulose pads, deionized, concentrated to about 20–25% w/v and sterilized by flashing it to 138°C for 4 seconds. The dry gelatin is then formed by chilling the solution to form a gel, which is air-dried in temperature-controlled ovens. The dried gelatin is ground to the desired particle size.
In the alkali process (liming), demineralized bones (ossein) or cattle skins are usually used. The animal tissue is held in a calcium hydroxide (2–5% lime) slurry for a period of 2–4 months at 14–18°C. At the end of the liming, the stock is washed with cold water for about 24 hours to remove as much of the lime as possible. The stock solution is then neutralized with acid (HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4) and the gelatin is extracted with water in an identical manner to that in the acid process, except that the pH is kept at values between 5.0–6.5 (neutral extraction).
During the preparation of the bovine bones used in the production of gelatin, specified risk materials that could contain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) vectors are removed. TSE infectivity is not present in pharmaceutical grade gelatin.

Definition

A pale yellow protein obtained from the bones, hides, and skins of animals, which forms a colloidal jelly when dissolved in hot water. It is used in jellies and other foods, to make capsules for various medicinal drugs, as an adhesive and sizing medium, and in photographic emulsions.

General Description

Gelatin, NF, is a protein obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen, an albuminoid found in bones, skin, tendons, cartilage, hoofs, and other animal tissues. Gelatin is used in the preparation of capsules, in the coating of tablets, and, with glycerin, as a vehicle for suppositories. It has also been used as a vehicle when slow absorption is desired for drugs.

Agricultural Uses

Gelatin is a colorless or pale yellow water-soluble protein obtained by boiling collagen with water and evaporating the water. It is an ingredient in jellies and baked goods. It is also used to make medicinal capsules, and coat photographic films.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Gelatin is widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, including its use as a biodegradable matrix material in an implantable delivery system, although it is most frequently used to form either hard or soft gelatin capsules.
Gelatin capsules are unit-dosage forms designed mainly for oral administration. Soft capsules on the market also include those for rectal and vaginal administration. Hard capsules can be filled with solid (powders, granules, pellets, tablets, and mixtures thereof), semisolid and liquid fillings, whereas soft capsules are mainly filled with semisolid or liquid fillings. In hard capsules, the active drug is always incorporated into the filling, while in soft capsules the drug substance can also be incorporated into the thick soft capsule shell. Gelatin is soluble in warm water (>30°C), and a gelatin capsule will initially swell and finally dissolve in gastric fluid to release its contents rapidly.
Gelatin is also used for the microencapsulation of drugs, where the active drug is sealed inside a microsized capsule or beadlet, which may then be handled as a powder. The first microencapsulated drugs (beadlets) were fish oils and oily vitamins in gelatin beadlets prepared by coacervation.
Low-molecular-weight gelatin has been investigated for its ability to enhance the dissolution of orally ingested drugs. Ibuprofen–gelatin micropellets have been prepared for the controlled release of the drug. Other uses of gelatin include the preparation of pastes, pastilles, pessaries, and suppositories. In addition, it is used as a tablet binder and coating agent, and as a viscosity-increasing agent for solutions and semisolids.
Therapeutically, gelatin has been used in the preparation of wound dressings and has been used as a plasma substitute, although anaphylactoid reactions have been reported in the latter application. Absorbable gelatin is available as sterile film, ophthalmic film, sterile sponge, sterile compressed sponge, and sterile powder from sponge. Gelatin sponge has hemostatic properties.
Gelatin is also widely used in food products and photographic emulsions.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Gelatin from fish skin can be used in the preparation of various gels based on their gelling characteristics. It can also be used as an additive in surimi processing to enhance the functional and mechanical properties of gel.

Safety Profile

An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Safety

Gelatin is widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, including oral and parenteral products.
In general, when used in oral formulations gelatin may be regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, there have been rare reports of gelatin capsules adhering to the esophageal lining, which may cause local irritation. Hypersensitivity reactions, including serious anaphylactoid reactions, have been reported following the use of gelatin in parenteral products.
There have been concerns over the potential spread of BSE/TSE infections through bovine derived products. However, the risk of such contamination of medicines is extremely low.
LD50 (rat, oral): 5 g/kg
TDLo (mouse, IP): 700 mg/kg

storage

Dry gelatin is stable in air. Aqueous gelatin solutions are also stable for long periods if stored under cool conditions but they are subject to bacterial degradation. At temperatures above about 50°C, aqueous gelatin solutions may undergo slow depolymerization and a reduction in gel strength may occur on resetting. Depolymerization becomes more rapid at temperatures above 65°C, and gel strength may be reduced by half when a solution is heated at 80°C for 1 hour. The rate and extent of depolymerization depends on the molecular weight of the gelatin, with a lower-molecular-weight material decomposing more rapidly.Dry gelatin is stable in air. Aqueous gelatin solutions are also stable for long periods if stored under cool conditions but they are subject to bacterial degradation.(4) At temperatures above about 50°C, aqueous gelatin solutions may undergo slow depolymerization and a reduction in gel strength may occur on resetting. Depolymerization becomes more rapid at temperatures above 65°C, and gel strength may be reduced by half when a solution is heated at 80°C for 1 hour. The rate and extent of depolymerization depends on the molecular weight of the gelatin, with a lower-molecular-weight material decomposing more rapidly.
Gelatin may be sterilized by dry heat.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, well-ventilated and dry place.

Incompatibilities

Gelatin is an amphoteric material and will react with both acids and bases. It is also a protein and thus exhibits chemical properties characteristic of such materials; for example, gelatin may be hydrolyzed by most proteolytic systems to yield its amino acid components.
Gelatin will also react with aldehydes and aldehydic sugars, anionic and cationic polymers, electrolytes, metal ions, plasticizers, preservatives, strong oxidizers, and surfactants. It is precipitated by alcohols, chloroform, ether, mercury salts, and tannic acid. Gels can be liquefied by bacteria unless preserved.
Some of these interactions are exploited to favorably alter the physical properties of gelatin: for example, gelatin is mixed with a plasticizer, such as glycerin, to produce soft gelatin capsules and suppositories; gelatin is treated with formaldehyde to produce gastroresistance.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental preparations; inhalations; injections; oral capsules, pastilles, solutions, syrups and tablets; topical and vaginal preparations). Included in medicines licensed in the UK, Europe, and Japan. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

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Gelatin Suppliers

Hebei chengda gelatin co. LTD
Tel
0318-0318-4718331 18333838388
Fax
0318-4718498
Email
cda@263.net
Country
China
ProdList
1
Advantage
58
Shaanxi Fujuyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
17319979867
Email
969147291@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
65
Advantage
58
Shenzhen Jihechang New Material Co. , Ltd.
Tel
13823135556
Email
262812597@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
116
Advantage
58
Hunan Century Huaxing Biological Engineering Co., LTD
Tel
13549689901
Email
569673424@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
55
Advantage
58
Suqian nanxiang chemical manufacturing co. LTD
Tel
21-39125199 13817939213
Fax
021-39127431
Email
sales@nanxiangchem.com
Country
China
ProdList
31
Advantage
65
Hebei Lihua Biotechnology Co. , Ltd.
Tel
15127018080
Email
3119446261@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
473
Advantage
58
J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD.
Tel
010-82848833 400-666-7788
Fax
86-10-82849933
Email
jkinfo@jkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
96815
Advantage
76
Beijing dtftchem Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
010-60275820 13031183356
Fax
010-60270825
Email
elainezt@sina.com
Country
China
ProdList
1392
Advantage
62
BeiJing Hwrk Chemicals Limted
Tel
0757-86329057 18501085097
Fax
010-89508210
Email
sales3.gd@hwrkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
7508
Advantage
55
Energy Chemical
Tel
021-021-58432009 400-005-6266
Fax
021-58436166
Email
sales8178@energy-chemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
44751
Advantage
61
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View Lastest Price from Gelatin manufacturers

Hebei Yime New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Product
GELATIN 9000-70-8
Price
US $10.00/kg
Min. Order
100kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
1000kg
Release date
2023-11-07
Hebei Yime New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Product
Bovine GELATIN 9000-70-8
Price
US $10.00/kg
Min. Order
100kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
1000kg
Release date
2023-11-07
Shaanxi TNJONE Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
Product
Gelatin 9000-70-8
Price
US $0.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
20tons
Release date
2024-03-26

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