dye
Dyes refer to the organic substances enable the strong coloring of fiber and some other materials. There are various kinds of dyes. According to the source, they can be divided into natural dyes (such as vegetable dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes, etc.) and synthetic dyes (or artificial dyes). According to the molecular structure, it can be divided into azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aromatic dyes and nitro dyes. Based on the application methods, it can be divided into acid dyes, basic dyes, sulfur dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes and so on. Dyes have color, but substance having color does not necessarily belong to dyes. Dye must have a chromophore and auxochrome group. Dye contained in the ink should also have water-soluble group such as sulfonic acid group.
Natural dyes are dyes obtained from animals, plants and minerals. According to sources they can be divided into:
1 Plant dyes; dyes extracted from the roots, stems, leaves and fruit of some plants such as indigo extracted from the leaves of indigo (blue); curcumin extracted from turmeric (yellow); alizarin extracted from madder (red) and so on;
2 Animal dyes; dyes extracted from animal body such as carmine extracted from cochineal, etc;
3 Mineral dyes; dyes extracted from the colored inorganic substance of mineral such as chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, brown and other manganese. Owing to its various disadvantages compared with artificial dyes such as incomplete chromatography, application inconvenience and poor fastness, most natural dyes have been eliminated except for a few still in use.
Synthetic dyes, also known as "artificial dyes." is mainly made through the chemical processing of coal tar (or oil processing) fractionation products (such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and carbazole, etc.), sometimes are also known as coal tar dyes. Since the earliest several synthetic dyes all took aniline as raw material, it is also known as "aniline dyes." Compared with the natural dyes, synthetic dyes have various kinds with complete chromatography and most of them being colorful, washable and being able to be produced in large scale. Thus, almost all of the current so-called dye refers to synthetic dyes with its dyeing products being one of the common samples of Forensic evidence.
There are two ways for classifications of dyes:
The first type is the basic chemical taxonomy based on the chromophore. According to this, dyes can be classified into azo dyes, sulfur dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and phthalocyanine dyes, 10 categories in total.
The second type is based on the property of the dye to the fiber or coloring properties. Based on this, the dyes can be divided into acid dyes, neutral dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes and other dyes, 14 categories in total.
There are various kinds of dyes of different properties and wide range of applications. However, dyes used as physical evidence are largely fixed in textile fibers or paper, or as a kind of organizational component of ink, printing ink and pen oil. Usually after extraction, it can subject to comparison testing using micro-chemical method, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, UV - visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.
The international development of dye was very rapid in 1970s while people have mainly focused on develop new varieties and improve quality since 1990s with the annual output being maintained at the level of 100 million tons.
Chinese dyes got rapid development in 1980s with the main focus being improving the quality after 1990 as well. The production output still maintain a certain growth rate with annual output being around 300,000 t. In 2000, the output is 315 600 t. Dyes used for textile dyeing account about 85% with the rest being used for the coloring of leather, plastic, paper and paint.
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- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 2R
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral corinth B
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black MT
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black R
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black DMX
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Tangerine
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Blue 2R
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Black ET
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black RN
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Brown GRF
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black G
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black 615
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Scarlet GR
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Black D-W
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 78
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Orange 88
- CAS:
- 12239-03-1
- MF:
- C32H28CrN10NaO8S2-
- Chemical Name:
- 3B
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Red GRS
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Bordeaux GRL
- Chemical Name:
- NaturalRed
- MF:
- C15H16N4·HCl
- Chemical Name:
- C.I. Acid Brown 345
- CAS:
- 70620-32-5
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Brown M
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Red G
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Grey BL
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Brown SLN
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Brown 2S
- Chemical Name:
- High alkali washing agent
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Violet RS
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Red 4B
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Yellow MR
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Violet 14
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Yellow 2R
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Green GB
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Green B
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-[ethyl[3-methyl-4-[(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)azo]phenyl]amino]propiononitrile
- CAS:
- 16586-42-8
- MF:
- C19H18N6O2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-amino-4-[[4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]amino]anthraquinone monohydrochloride
- CAS:
- 67905-56-0
- MF:
- C23H22ClN3O2
- Chemical Name:
- C.I. SULPHUR BLUE 7
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Golden Yellow GK
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Bordeaux RB
- Chemical Name:
- Anticorrosion agent for leather
- Chemical Name:
- Leathr Fast Red GS
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Yellow GS
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Green GH
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Black RD-2BL(N)
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Yellow RN
- MF:
- C34H28N8O66Cr
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Brilliant Green F
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Dark Green BE
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Dyestuff
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT FAST BLACK G
- MF:
- C34H27O7N13S2Na2
- Chemical Name:
- Smooth agent for leather
- Chemical Name:
- 13 REACTIVE ORANGE 13
- Chemical Name:
- VAT DYES PINK
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown BR
- Chemical Name:
- leather protein powder