dye
Dyes refer to the organic substances enable the strong coloring of fiber and some other materials. There are various kinds of dyes. According to the source, they can be divided into natural dyes (such as vegetable dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes, etc.) and synthetic dyes (or artificial dyes). According to the molecular structure, it can be divided into azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aromatic dyes and nitro dyes. Based on the application methods, it can be divided into acid dyes, basic dyes, sulfur dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes and so on. Dyes have color, but substance having color does not necessarily belong to dyes. Dye must have a chromophore and auxochrome group. Dye contained in the ink should also have water-soluble group such as sulfonic acid group.
Natural dyes are dyes obtained from animals, plants and minerals. According to sources they can be divided into:
1 Plant dyes; dyes extracted from the roots, stems, leaves and fruit of some plants such as indigo extracted from the leaves of indigo (blue); curcumin extracted from turmeric (yellow); alizarin extracted from madder (red) and so on;
2 Animal dyes; dyes extracted from animal body such as carmine extracted from cochineal, etc;
3 Mineral dyes; dyes extracted from the colored inorganic substance of mineral such as chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, brown and other manganese. Owing to its various disadvantages compared with artificial dyes such as incomplete chromatography, application inconvenience and poor fastness, most natural dyes have been eliminated except for a few still in use.
Synthetic dyes, also known as "artificial dyes." is mainly made through the chemical processing of coal tar (or oil processing) fractionation products (such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and carbazole, etc.), sometimes are also known as coal tar dyes. Since the earliest several synthetic dyes all took aniline as raw material, it is also known as "aniline dyes." Compared with the natural dyes, synthetic dyes have various kinds with complete chromatography and most of them being colorful, washable and being able to be produced in large scale. Thus, almost all of the current so-called dye refers to synthetic dyes with its dyeing products being one of the common samples of Forensic evidence.
There are two ways for classifications of dyes:
The first type is the basic chemical taxonomy based on the chromophore. According to this, dyes can be classified into azo dyes, sulfur dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and phthalocyanine dyes, 10 categories in total.
The second type is based on the property of the dye to the fiber or coloring properties. Based on this, the dyes can be divided into acid dyes, neutral dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes and other dyes, 14 categories in total.
There are various kinds of dyes of different properties and wide range of applications. However, dyes used as physical evidence are largely fixed in textile fibers or paper, or as a kind of organizational component of ink, printing ink and pen oil. Usually after extraction, it can subject to comparison testing using micro-chemical method, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, UV - visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.
The international development of dye was very rapid in 1970s while people have mainly focused on develop new varieties and improve quality since 1990s with the annual output being maintained at the level of 100 million tons.
Chinese dyes got rapid development in 1980s with the main focus being improving the quality after 1990 as well. The production output still maintain a certain growth rate with annual output being around 300,000 t. In 2000, the output is 315 600 t. Dyes used for textile dyeing account about 85% with the rest being used for the coloring of leather, plastic, paper and paint.
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- Chemical Name:
- Basic Blue 159
- CAS:
- 105953-73-9
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown 72
- CAS:
- 12237-41-1
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Reactive Blue 74
- CAS:
- 12677-16-6
- MF:
- C28H26ClN6NaO9S2
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Orange 1
- CAS:
- 1326-49-4
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Blue 19
- CAS:
- 1328-18-3
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Blue 143
- CAS:
- 61968-28-3
- MF:
- C22H24N4O4
- Chemical Name:
- Reactive Brown 2
- CAS:
- 12236-93-0
- MF:
- C31H20ClN9Na4O12S4
- Chemical Name:
- 6 SULPHUR RED 6
- Chemical Name:
- BLACK BO SULPHAR DYES BLACK BO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Black 19
- CAS:
- 6428-31-5
- MF:
- C34H30N13NaO7S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Reactive Orange 5
- CAS:
- 70210-21-8
- MF:
- C26H17ClN7Na3O10S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 210
- CAS:
- 72928-10-0
- MF:
- C26H22ClN3O2
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral red paper
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-[α-(2,4-ditertamylphenoxy)-n-butyramido]phenol
- MF:
- C28H39NO3Cl2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 13
- CAS:
- 6410-21-5
- MF:
- C17H13N3O4
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 58
- CAS:
- 61814-09-3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 53
- CAS:
- 59787-78-9
- MF:
- C19H19NO6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- SOLVENT BROWN 20
- CAS:
- 61813-86-3
- MF:
- C86H86N16O14S4
- Chemical Name:
- Sulfur Black Green
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown GN
- Chemical Name:
- C.I. Disperse Blue F press cake
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Yellow PL
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Red 239
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Brown GN
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 41
- CAS:
- 12217-05-9
- Chemical Name:
- Water-proofing agent for leather
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Disperse Red 50
- MF:
- C17H16ClN5O2
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Blue BB
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Turquoise Blue
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow 5GR
- Chemical Name:
- Brilliant Red B
- Chemical Name:
- C.I. Acid blue 72
- CAS:
- 12219-17-9
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BROWN 14
- MF:
- C26H16N4Na2O8S2
- Chemical Name:
- Aizen
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLACK 1
- CAS:
- 6054-48-4
- MF:
- C16H14N4
- Chemical Name:
- Manual Registration
- CAS:
- 61814-20-8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BASIC ORANGE 21
- CAS:
- 3056-93-7
- MF:
- C22H23ClN2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Orange 9
- CAS:
- 128-70-1
- MF:
- C30H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BLUE 80
- CAS:
- 4474-24-2
- MF:
- C32H31N2NaO8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 29
- CAS:
- 19800-42-1
- MF:
- C19H15N5O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- SOLVENT RED 135
- CAS:
- 71902-17-5
- MF:
- C18H6Cl4N2O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoyl-ortho-phenetidide
- CAS:
- 92-74-0
- MF:
- C19H17NO3
- Chemical Name:
- VAT DYES
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CI 11875
- CAS:
- 6247-28-5
- MF:
- C13H10N4O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CI NO 46040
- CAS:
- 4215-95-6
- MF:
- C16H18ClN3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- METHYL VIOLET
- CAS:
- 603-47-4
- MF:
- C24H28ClN3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 135
- CAS:
- 20749-68-2
- MF:
- C18H6Cl4N2O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT YELLOW 62 (C.I. 36900)
- CAS:
- 6409-90-1
- MF:
- C35H27N5Na2O9S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- SOLVENT ORANGE 60
- CAS:
- 61969-47-9
- MF:
- C18H10N2O
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Blue 199
- CAS:
- 12222-04-7
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 52
- CAS:
- 81-39-0
- MF:
- C24H18N2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Yellow 33
- CAS:
- 12227-50-8
- MF:
- C54H32N4O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Red 15
- CAS:
- 4216-02-8
- MF:
- C26H12N4O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Red 22
- CAS:
- 12221-52-2
- MF:
- C15H21IN6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 73
- CAS:
- 40690-89-9
- MF:
- C24H21N5O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Red 14
- CAS:
- 8005-56-9
- MF:
- 2C26H12N4O2
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Blue 57
- CAS:
- 12221-31-7
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Yellow 106
- CAS:
- 12222-60-5
- MF:
- C48H33N8NaO18S6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Violet 1
- CAS:
- 1324-55-6
- MF:
- C34H14Cl2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown 23
- CAS:
- 1328-26-3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Black 34
- CAS:
- 32517-36-5
- MF:
- C32H19CrN6O8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 31
- CAS:
- 6226-90-0
- MF:
- C34H39N5O10S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- disodium 5-((4-acetylamino-2-sulphophenyl)azo)-6-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-disulphonate
- CAS:
- 6360-07-2
- MF:
- C18H17N4NaO8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-[ethyl[4-[(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)azo]phenyl]amino]propiononitrile
- CAS:
- 25510-81-0
- MF:
- C18H16N6O2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- disodium 8-[[3,3'-dimethoxy-4'-[[4-[[(p-tolyl)sulphonyl]oxy]phenyl]azo][1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]azo]-7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulphonate
- CAS:
- 6548-30-7
- MF:
- C37H28N4Na2O12S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-[2-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride
- CAS:
- 6359-45-1
- MF:
- C23H29ClN2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-amino-4-[(1-methylethyl)amino]anthraquinone
- CAS:
- 62649-65-4
- MF:
- C17H16N2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Copper, [29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32]-, aminosulfonyl sulfo derivs., sodium salts
- CAS:
- 90295-11-7
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-[3-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)prop-1-enyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride
- CAS:
- 6320-14-5
- MF:
- C25H29ClN2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-[(4-aminophenyl)azo]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazolium chloride
- CAS:
- 97404-02-9
- MF:
- C11H14ClN5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,1'-[(6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)diimino]bis[3-acetyl-4-aminoanthraquinone]
- CAS:
- 32220-82-9
- MF:
- C41H27N7O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Brown 121
- CAS:
- 6487-04-3
- MF:
- C28H19N8NaO14S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Violet 12
- CAS:
- 2429-75-6
- MF:
- C32H25N6NaO8S2
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE VIOLET S
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow FL
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown R-M
- Chemical Name:
- Cationic Black X-O
- Chemical Name:
- Leather slipping agent
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- N,N'-m-Phenylenedimaleimide
- MF:
- C14H8N2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT VIOLET 51
- CAS:
- 5489-77-0
- MF:
- C32H30N5NaO8S2
- Chemical Name:
- Cationic Blue GL
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Red 254
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Black LD
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Blue RN
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Grey GL
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Brilliant Yellow 2G
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Red 211
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow GSL
- Chemical Name:
- Turquoise Blue X-GB
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Orange 6A
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 3R
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Violet 2RL
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Fast Blue
- Chemical Name:
- LEATHERSPRAYINGBLUERL
- CAS:
- 12269-81-7
- MF:
- [C32H18H6O8.Cr.Na];[C32H18N6O8.Co.Na]
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Blue 60
- CAS:
- 12217-80-0
- MF:
- C20H17N3O5
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT BLACK 170
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Orange 15
- CAS:
- 2379-78-4
- MF:
- C42H23N3O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- VAT BROWN 3
- MF:
- C42H23N3O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Naphtanilide EL
- CAS:
- 137-52-0
- MF:
- C18H14ClNO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Red 1:1
- CAS:
- 3068-39-1
- MF:
- C27H29ClN2O3