dye
Dyes refer to the organic substances enable the strong coloring of fiber and some other materials. There are various kinds of dyes. According to the source, they can be divided into natural dyes (such as vegetable dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes, etc.) and synthetic dyes (or artificial dyes). According to the molecular structure, it can be divided into azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aromatic dyes and nitro dyes. Based on the application methods, it can be divided into acid dyes, basic dyes, sulfur dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes and so on. Dyes have color, but substance having color does not necessarily belong to dyes. Dye must have a chromophore and auxochrome group. Dye contained in the ink should also have water-soluble group such as sulfonic acid group.
Natural dyes are dyes obtained from animals, plants and minerals. According to sources they can be divided into:
1 Plant dyes; dyes extracted from the roots, stems, leaves and fruit of some plants such as indigo extracted from the leaves of indigo (blue); curcumin extracted from turmeric (yellow); alizarin extracted from madder (red) and so on;
2 Animal dyes; dyes extracted from animal body such as carmine extracted from cochineal, etc;
3 Mineral dyes; dyes extracted from the colored inorganic substance of mineral such as chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, brown and other manganese. Owing to its various disadvantages compared with artificial dyes such as incomplete chromatography, application inconvenience and poor fastness, most natural dyes have been eliminated except for a few still in use.
Synthetic dyes, also known as "artificial dyes." is mainly made through the chemical processing of coal tar (or oil processing) fractionation products (such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and carbazole, etc.), sometimes are also known as coal tar dyes. Since the earliest several synthetic dyes all took aniline as raw material, it is also known as "aniline dyes." Compared with the natural dyes, synthetic dyes have various kinds with complete chromatography and most of them being colorful, washable and being able to be produced in large scale. Thus, almost all of the current so-called dye refers to synthetic dyes with its dyeing products being one of the common samples of Forensic evidence.
There are two ways for classifications of dyes:
The first type is the basic chemical taxonomy based on the chromophore. According to this, dyes can be classified into azo dyes, sulfur dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and phthalocyanine dyes, 10 categories in total.
The second type is based on the property of the dye to the fiber or coloring properties. Based on this, the dyes can be divided into acid dyes, neutral dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes and other dyes, 14 categories in total.
There are various kinds of dyes of different properties and wide range of applications. However, dyes used as physical evidence are largely fixed in textile fibers or paper, or as a kind of organizational component of ink, printing ink and pen oil. Usually after extraction, it can subject to comparison testing using micro-chemical method, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, UV - visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.
The international development of dye was very rapid in 1970s while people have mainly focused on develop new varieties and improve quality since 1990s with the annual output being maintained at the level of 100 million tons.
Chinese dyes got rapid development in 1980s with the main focus being improving the quality after 1990 as well. The production output still maintain a certain growth rate with annual output being around 300,000 t. In 2000, the output is 315 600 t. Dyes used for textile dyeing account about 85% with the rest being used for the coloring of leather, plastic, paper and paint.
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- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Brown 121
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Black BSF
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow 2G
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Red 3B
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Grass Green GL
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Magentagreencrystals
- CAS:
- 14426-28-9
- MF:
- C23H25N2+
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BROWN85 (C.I. 34900)
- CAS:
- 77031-30-2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 177
- CAS:
- 58051-98-2
- MF:
- C20H19N6O4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BLACK 2
- CAS:
- 80316-29-6
- MF:
- C48H35N9
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown 68
- CAS:
- 12237-38-6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Blue 301
- CAS:
- 105635-65-2
- MF:
- C21H25BrN6O8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Orange 1
- CAS:
- 1324-11-4
- MF:
- C24H10Br2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Reactive Red Brown K-B3r
- CAS:
- 12225-66-0
- MF:
- C29H20IN7Na2O12S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Red 31
- CAS:
- 12227-47-3
- MF:
- C30H16N4O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Black 58
- CAS:
- 12218-94-9
- MF:
- C40H35CrN6O12S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLUE 106
- CAS:
- 12223-01-7
- MF:
- C14H17N5O3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID VIOLET 5
- CAS:
- 10130-48-0
- MF:
- C25H23N4NaO10S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Yellow 114
- CAS:
- 7576-65-0
- MF:
- C18H11NO3
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Blue 25
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral sizing agent
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Mordant Green 17
- Chemical Name:
- Transparent Yellow GS
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Olive Green
- Chemical Name:
- Cationic Red 6B
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black 1
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Green B
- Chemical Name:
- Rhamsan gum
- CAS:
- 96949-21-2
- Chemical Name:
- NEUTRAL RED S-G
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Orange 2
- CAS:
- 1324-35-2
- MF:
- C30H12Br2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Cellulase
- Chemical Name:
- Mitsui
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BASIC BLUE 3
- CAS:
- 33203-82-6
- MF:
- C20H26ClN3O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4-Dihydro-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one chromium complex
- CAS:
- 52256-37-8
- MF:
- C32H23CrN10O8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 73
- CAS:
- 16889-10-4
- MF:
- C18H16N6O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- MORDANT BROWN 4
- CAS:
- 6247-27-4
- MF:
- C13H12N6O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Yellow 98
- CAS:
- 12671-74-8
- MF:
- C36H45NO2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 149
- CAS:
- 21295-57-8
- MF:
- C23H22N2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,8-Bis(phenylthio)-9,10-anthracenedione
- CAS:
- 13676-91-0
- MF:
- C26H16O2S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Yellow 2
- CAS:
- 129-09-9
- MF:
- C28H14N2O2S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow 64
- CAS:
- 10319-14-9
- MF:
- C18H10BrNO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FAST ORANGE GR SALT
- CAS:
- 25910-37-6
- MF:
- C6H4N3O2+
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthamide
- CAS:
- 4711-68-6
- MF:
- C19H17NO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BASIC RED 29
- CAS:
- 42373-04-6
- MF:
- C19H17ClN4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Blue 165
- CAS:
- 41642-51-7
- MF:
- C20H19N7O3
- Chemical Name:
- Dispersing agent
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 74
- CAS:
- 61703-11-5
- MF:
- C22H25N5O7
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Voilet 3
- CAS:
- 2379-75-1
- MF:
- C20H14Cl2O2S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 104
- CAS:
- 116-75-6
- MF:
- C32H30N2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 225
- CAS:
- 12216-97-6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Green 20
- CAS:
- 12226-82-3
- MF:
- C28H22N2O4
- Chemical Name:
- Reactive Red 15
- CAS:
- 12238-01-6
- MF:
- C25H14ClN7O13S4.4Na
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Fast Scarlet RC Base
- CAS:
- 27165-17-9
- MF:
- C7H6N3O3+
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Yellow 86
- CAS:
- 50925-42-3
- MF:
- C39H30N10Na4O13S4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- trisodium 2-[[6-[(4-amino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylamino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulphonato-2-naphthyl]azo]naphthalene-1,5-disulphonate
- CAS:
- 70616-89-6
- MF:
- C24H19ClN7NaO10S3
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Dark Green
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Violet DP
- Chemical Name:
- Acid brilliant red
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Yellow GK
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Blue 45
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Blue BN
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Green 3
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Red 444
- Chemical Name:
- C.I. Acid Orange 142
- CAS:
- 61901-39-1
- Chemical Name:
- C.I. Direct Blue 85
- CAS:
- 61724-72-9
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Violet 26
- CAS:
- 6408-72-6
- MF:
- C26H18N2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Hydroxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-11H-benzo[a]carbazole-3-carboxamide
- CAS:
- 86-19-1
- MF:
- C24H18N2O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Violet 8
- CAS:
- 52080-58-7
- MF:
- Unspecified
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow 114
- CAS:
- 61968-66-9
- MF:
- C20H16N4O4S
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 127
- CAS:
- 66795-75-3
- MF:
- C25H21NO6
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Green 13
- CAS:
- 57456-28-7
- MF:
- C46H21IN2O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 98
- CAS:
- 12223-49-3
- MF:
- C17H20N4O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Yellow 28
- CAS:
- 8005-72-9
- MF:
- C28H18N4O6S4.2Na
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Green 40
- CAS:
- 12219-87-3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Green 59
- CAS:
- 7219-11-6
- MF:
- C47H31N12O17S3.5Na
- Chemical Name:
- SOLVENT ORANGE 24
- Chemical Name:
- Sulfur Yellow GC
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Violet RN
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Brown RC
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 7BF
- Chemical Name:
- Double Sulphur Black
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown 5R
- MF:
- C26H10Cl2N4O2
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Solvent Orange 62
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Orange 5A
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Yellow GL
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Blue 219
- Chemical Name:
- Leather Spray Black B
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 73
- CAS:
- 12270-46-1
- MF:
- C18H16N6O2
- Chemical Name:
- Vat black 22
- CAS:
- 61868-00-6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CALCOMINE DARK GREEN BG
- MF:
- C34H23N7Na2O8S2
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral dissociator
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Naphthol AS-LC
- CAS:
- 4273-92-1
- MF:
- C19H16ClNO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE RED 13
- CAS:
- 3180-81-2
- MF:
- C16H17ClN4O3
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BLACK 235
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT YELLOW 50
- CAS:
- 3214-47-9
- MF:
- C35H24N6Na4O13S4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Brown 1
- CAS:
- 23355-64-8
- MF:
- C16H15Cl3N4O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 196
- CAS:
- 52372-36-8
- MF:
- C23H18N4O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Yellow 93
- CAS:
- 4702-90-3
- MF:
- C21H18N4O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 86
- CAS:
- 81-68-5
- MF:
- C22H18N2O5S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 122
- CAS:
- 67905-17-3
- MF:
- C22H16N2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Blue 291
- CAS:
- 56548-64-2
- MF:
- C19H21BrN6O6