Azoic dyes Coupler Disperse dyes Vat Dyes Reactive dyes basic dyes Sulfur Dyes Leather dyes Acid dye Cationic dyes Direct Dyes Neutral dyes Solvent Dyes
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dye

Azoic dyes Coupler Disperse dyes Vat Dyes Reactive dyes basic dyes Sulfur Dyes Leather dyes Acid dye Cationic dyes Direct Dyes Neutral dyes Solvent Dyes
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Dyes refer to the organic substances enable the strong coloring of fiber and some other materials. There are various kinds of dyes. According to the source, they can be divided into natural dyes (such as vegetable dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes, etc.) and synthetic dyes (or artificial dyes). According to the molecular structure, it can be divided into azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aromatic dyes and nitro dyes. Based on the application methods, it can be divided into acid dyes, basic dyes, sulfur dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes and so on. Dyes have color, but substance having color does not necessarily belong to dyes. Dye must have a chromophore and auxochrome group. Dye contained in the ink should also have water-soluble group such as sulfonic acid group.

Natural dyes are dyes obtained from animals, plants and minerals. According to sources they can be divided into:
1    Plant dyes; dyes extracted from the roots, stems, leaves and fruit of some plants such as indigo extracted from the leaves of indigo (blue); curcumin extracted from turmeric (yellow); alizarin extracted from madder (red) and so on;
2    Animal dyes; dyes extracted from animal body such as carmine extracted from cochineal, etc;
3    Mineral dyes; dyes extracted from the colored inorganic substance of mineral such as chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, brown and other manganese. Owing to its various disadvantages compared with artificial dyes such as incomplete chromatography, application inconvenience and poor fastness, most natural dyes have been eliminated except for a few still in use.

Synthetic dyes, also known as "artificial dyes." is mainly made through the chemical processing of coal tar (or oil processing) fractionation products (such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and carbazole, etc.), sometimes are also known as coal tar dyes. Since the earliest several synthetic dyes all took aniline as raw material, it is also known as "aniline dyes." Compared with the natural dyes, synthetic dyes have various kinds with complete chromatography and most of them being colorful, washable and being able to be produced in large scale. Thus, almost all of the current so-called dye refers to synthetic dyes with its dyeing products being one of the common samples of Forensic evidence.

There are two ways for classifications of dyes:
The first type is the basic chemical taxonomy based on the chromophore. According to this, dyes can be classified into azo dyes, sulfur dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and phthalocyanine dyes, 10 categories in total.

The second type is based on the property of the dye to the fiber or coloring properties. Based on this, the dyes can be divided into acid dyes, neutral dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes and other dyes, 14 categories in total.

There are various kinds of dyes of different properties and wide range of applications. However, dyes used as physical evidence are largely fixed in textile fibers or paper, or as a kind of organizational component of ink, printing ink and pen oil. Usually after extraction, it can subject to comparison testing using micro-chemical method, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, UV - visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.

The international development of dye was very rapid in 1970s while people have mainly focused on develop new varieties and improve quality since 1990s with the annual output being maintained at the level of 100 million tons.

Chinese dyes got rapid development in 1980s with the main focus being improving the quality after 1990 as well. The production output still maintain a certain growth rate with annual output being around 300,000 t. In 2000, the output is 315 600 t. Dyes used for textile dyeing account about 85% with the rest being used for the coloring of leather, plastic, paper and paint.

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Chemical Name:
Neutral Dark Yellow GL
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ACID RED 8
CAS:
4787-93-3
MF:
C18H17N2NaO7S2
Chemical Name:
Acid Orange 3RL
Chemical Name:
Sulphur Dark Blue 3R
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-[7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazolium chloride
CAS:
29556-33-0
MF:
C22H24ClN3O2
Chemical Name:
214 ACID BROWN 214
Chemical Name:
C.I. Solvent Yellow 25
CAS:
37219-73-1
Chemical Name:
C.I.Direct Black 168
Chemical Name:
Levelling and dispersing agent
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ACID BLUE 25
CAS:
6408-78-2
MF:
C20H13N2NaO5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Solvent Red 25
CAS:
3176-79-2
MF:
C24H20N4O
Chemical Name:
Acid dyestuff levelling agent
Chemical Name:
Acid Brown 58
CAS:
12269-87-3
Chemical Name:
Acid Brown 215
Chemical Name:
Direct Brown 161
Chemical Name:
Sulphur Black 2
CAS:
1326-85-8
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Acid Blue 277
CAS:
25797-81-3
MF:
C24H24N3NaO8S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Acid Yellow 127
CAS:
73384-78-8
MF:
C26H20Cl2N9NaO4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Direct Orange S
CAS:
3626-36-6
MF:
C33H22N6Na2O9S2
Chemical Name:
Vat Black 38
CAS:
12237-35-3
Chemical Name:
Vat Blue 43
CAS:
1327-79-3
MF:
C18H12N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(4-chloro-3-((4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)phenyl)myristamide
CAS:
61354-99-2
MF:
C39H48Cl4N4O4
Chemical Name:
DISPERSE GREEN
Chemical Name:
Vat Brilliant Violet 2R
Chemical Name:
Solvent Yellow 179
CAS:
80748-21-6
Chemical Name:
Acid Red 226
CAS:
12269-99-7
MF:
C32H22N10O8.Cr.Na
Chemical Name:
Basic Brown 1
CAS:
8052-76-4
Chemical Name:
Acid Orange 171
Chemical Name:
ACID BLUE 82
CAS:
12217-19-5
Chemical Name:
Disperse Brown 3R
Structure:
Chemical Name:
C.I. Disperse Blue A press cake
CAS:
88102-88-9
MF:
C16H20N6O6S
Chemical Name:
Solvent Red 111
Chemical Name:
Leather Black
Chemical Name:
C.I.Acid Brown 75
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ACID BLACK 24
CAS:
3071-73-6
MF:
C36H26N5NaO6S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ACID YELLOW 14 (C.I. 18960)
CAS:
6359-97-3
MF:
C16H13Cl2N4NaO4S
Chemical Name:
BASIC RED 15
MF:
C25H29Cl2N3
Chemical Name:
Basic Blue 53
CAS:
11075-20-0
MF:
C17H17I3N4SZn
Chemical Name:
Solvent Yellow 47
CAS:
12227-04-2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
disodium 4,4'-[methylenebis(4,1-phenyleneimino)]bis[1-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulphonate]
CAS:
25826-34-0
MF:
C41H29N4NaO10S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Disperse Orange 44
CAS:
4058-30-4
MF:
C18H15ClN6O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
p,p',p''-tris(dimethylamino)tritylium m-[(p-anilinophenyl)azo]benzenesulphonate
CAS:
65294-17-9
MF:
C43H44N6O3S
Chemical Name:
9 BROWN 9
Chemical Name:
Sulphur Grass Green 715
Chemical Name:
Acid Brilliant Blue RL
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Direct Blue 71
CAS:
4399-55-7
MF:
C40H28N7NaO13S4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pigment Red 179
CAS:
5521-31-3
MF:
C26H14N2O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ACID BLACK 52
CAS:
5610-64-0
MF:
C60H36Cr2N9Na3O21S3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ACID BLACK 52
CAS:
5610-64-0
MF:
C60H36Cr2N9Na3O21S3
Chemical Name:
SOLVENT ORANGE 3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Disperse Blue 72
CAS:
12217-81-1
MF:
C21H15NO3
Chemical Name:
Basic Red 54
CAS:
12270-28-9
Chemical Name:
Acid Red 213
CAS:
12715-60-5
MF:
C16H13N3O4S
Chemical Name:
Basic Yellow 49
CAS:
55777-80-5
MF:
C14H17ClN4O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ACID BLUE 41
CAS:
2666-17-3
MF:
C23H20N3NaO6S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Vat Green 1
CAS:
128-58-5
MF:
C36H20O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-naphthanilide
CAS:
92-79-5
MF:
C18H15NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Direct Red 23
CAS:
3441-14-3
MF:
C35H28N7NaO10S2
Chemical Name:
PROCION BLUE H-5R
CAS:
12236-84-9
MF:
C29H14ClN7O14S4.Cu.4Na
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Vat Orange 7
CAS:
4424-06-0
MF:
C26H12N4O2
Chemical Name:
Basic Blue 62
CAS:
12221-36-2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Solvent Blue 74
CAS:
128-86-9
MF:
C14H10N2O10S2
Chemical Name:
Sulphur Black 6
CAS:
1327-16-8
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,2'-[(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[4-nonylphenol]
CAS:
67990-27-6
MF:
C44H58N4O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(4-chloro-3-((4-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)azo)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)phenyl)myristamide
CAS:
65293-90-5
MF:
C47H56Cl4N6O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)[4-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl]amino]propiononitrile
CAS:
6657-32-5
MF:
C17H17N5O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
hydrogen bis[3-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]-4-hydroxybenzene-1-sulphonamidato(2-)]chromate(1-)
CAS:
30112-70-0
MF:
C32H27CrN10O8S2
Chemical Name:
4 VAT BLUE 4
Chemical Name:
Acid Blue 127:1
MF:
C41H26N4Na2O10S2
Chemical Name:
Acid Red 260
CAS:
12239-07-5
Chemical Name:
Catonic Black O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Disperse Violet S press cake
CAS:
75575-40-5
MF:
C13H14ClN5O4S
Chemical Name:
Disperse Blue FG
Chemical Name:
DIRECT BLACK 38
CAS:
381937-37-7
Chemical Name:
C.I. SOLVENT BLACK 28)
CAS:
12237-23-9
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Acid Blue 9
CAS:
2650-18-2
MF:
C37H39N3O9S3
Chemical Name:
DISPERSE BLUE 281
Structure:
Chemical Name:
SIRIUS SUPRA RED VIOLET B
CAS:
7198-99-4
MF:
C35H31N8NaO17S4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Solvent Blue 35
CAS:
17354-14-2
MF:
C22H26N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
DISPERSE RED 17
CAS:
3179-89-3
MF:
C17H20N4O4
Chemical Name:
Basic Red 49
CAS:
12270-23-4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Acid Black 26
CAS:
6262-07-3
MF:
C32H21N5O7S2.2Na
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Solvent yellow 12
CAS:
6370-43-0
MF:
C14H14N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
disodium 3-[[4-[[4-amino-6(or 7)-sulphonatonaphthyl]azo]phenyl]azo]-6-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulphonate
CAS:
8003-62-1
MF:
C32H23N9Na2O7S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
disodium 3-[[5-chloro-2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]azo]-4-hydroxy-5-[[(p-tolyl)sulphonyl]amino]naphthalene-2,7-disulphonate
CAS:
6826-53-5
MF:
C30H22ClN3Na2O10S3
Chemical Name:
Polysulfurized 4-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)amino]phenol
CAS:
60569-85-9
Chemical Name:
B2R DIRECT BLUE B2R
Chemical Name:
disperse Navy Blue 6G
Chemical Name:
Acid Yellow 118
CAS:
12270-05-2
Chemical Name:
Acid Brown 50
CAS:
12269-86-2
Chemical Name:
SOLVENT RED 195
CAS:
164251-88-1
Chemical Name:
Sulfur Grass Green
Chemical Name:
Sulfur Black 2BR
Chemical Name:
Sulphur Yellow Brown
Chemical Name:
Direct Dark Green NB
MF:
C36H22O13N9S2Na
Chemical Name:
C.I.Acid Yellow 151
Chemical Name:
Disperse Blue 359
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-CHLORO-2-METHOXYANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
4274-03-7
MF:
C7H9Cl2NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BISMARCK BROWN R
CAS:
5421-66-9
MF:
C21H25ClN8
Chemical Name:
Solvent Orange 56
CAS:
12227-68-8
MF:
C16H13N5O7S