dye
Dyes refer to the organic substances enable the strong coloring of fiber and some other materials. There are various kinds of dyes. According to the source, they can be divided into natural dyes (such as vegetable dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes, etc.) and synthetic dyes (or artificial dyes). According to the molecular structure, it can be divided into azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aromatic dyes and nitro dyes. Based on the application methods, it can be divided into acid dyes, basic dyes, sulfur dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes and so on. Dyes have color, but substance having color does not necessarily belong to dyes. Dye must have a chromophore and auxochrome group. Dye contained in the ink should also have water-soluble group such as sulfonic acid group.
Natural dyes are dyes obtained from animals, plants and minerals. According to sources they can be divided into:
1 Plant dyes; dyes extracted from the roots, stems, leaves and fruit of some plants such as indigo extracted from the leaves of indigo (blue); curcumin extracted from turmeric (yellow); alizarin extracted from madder (red) and so on;
2 Animal dyes; dyes extracted from animal body such as carmine extracted from cochineal, etc;
3 Mineral dyes; dyes extracted from the colored inorganic substance of mineral such as chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, brown and other manganese. Owing to its various disadvantages compared with artificial dyes such as incomplete chromatography, application inconvenience and poor fastness, most natural dyes have been eliminated except for a few still in use.
Synthetic dyes, also known as "artificial dyes." is mainly made through the chemical processing of coal tar (or oil processing) fractionation products (such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and carbazole, etc.), sometimes are also known as coal tar dyes. Since the earliest several synthetic dyes all took aniline as raw material, it is also known as "aniline dyes." Compared with the natural dyes, synthetic dyes have various kinds with complete chromatography and most of them being colorful, washable and being able to be produced in large scale. Thus, almost all of the current so-called dye refers to synthetic dyes with its dyeing products being one of the common samples of Forensic evidence.
There are two ways for classifications of dyes:
The first type is the basic chemical taxonomy based on the chromophore. According to this, dyes can be classified into azo dyes, sulfur dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and phthalocyanine dyes, 10 categories in total.
The second type is based on the property of the dye to the fiber or coloring properties. Based on this, the dyes can be divided into acid dyes, neutral dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes and other dyes, 14 categories in total.
There are various kinds of dyes of different properties and wide range of applications. However, dyes used as physical evidence are largely fixed in textile fibers or paper, or as a kind of organizational component of ink, printing ink and pen oil. Usually after extraction, it can subject to comparison testing using micro-chemical method, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, UV - visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.
The international development of dye was very rapid in 1970s while people have mainly focused on develop new varieties and improve quality since 1990s with the annual output being maintained at the level of 100 million tons.
Chinese dyes got rapid development in 1980s with the main focus being improving the quality after 1990 as well. The production output still maintain a certain growth rate with annual output being around 300,000 t. In 2000, the output is 315 600 t. Dyes used for textile dyeing account about 85% with the rest being used for the coloring of leather, plastic, paper and paint.
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- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE ORANGE 1
- CAS:
- 2581-69-3
- MF:
- C18H14N4O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 18
- CAS:
- 2611-82-7
- MF:
- C20H15N2NaO10S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Yellow 12
- CAS:
- 2870-32-8
- MF:
- C30H29N4NaO8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzamide
- CAS:
- 17481-27-5
- MF:
- C8H10N2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Tracid Rubine 5bl
- CAS:
- 12220-29-0
- MF:
- C26H24N5O5S.Na
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Green 28
- CAS:
- 71839-01-5
- MF:
- C28H22N2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow 211
- CAS:
- 86836-02-4
- MF:
- C15H12ClN5O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID RED 60
- CAS:
- 5850-64-6
- MF:
- C20H14N2O11S3
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Orange 54
- CAS:
- 12237-30-8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Violet 11
- CAS:
- 2390-63-8
- MF:
- C30H35ClN2O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Aniline Blue
- CAS:
- 28631-66-5
- MF:
- C32H27N3O9S3.2Na
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Naphthol AS-OL
- CAS:
- 135-62-6
- MF:
- C18H15NO3
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE VIOLET B
- MF:
- C26H18N2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID GREEN 41
- CAS:
- 4430-16-4
- MF:
- C28H23N2NaO10S2
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 67
- CAS:
- 12226-78-7
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Blue 26
- CAS:
- 2580-56-5
- MF:
- C33H32ClN3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BLUE 1
- CAS:
- 116-95-0
- MF:
- C27H31N2NaO6S2
- Chemical Name:
- Tracid Brilliant Red 10b
- CAS:
- 11097-74-8
- MF:
- C37H11N3S3O11Na2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID VIOLET 7
- CAS:
- 4197-09-5
- MF:
- C20H16N4Na2O9S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Violet 28
- CAS:
- 81-42-5
- MF:
- C14H8Cl2N2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4-DIAMINOAZOBENZENE
- CAS:
- 495-54-5
- MF:
- C12H12N4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- COUMARIN 7
- CAS:
- 27425-55-4
- MF:
- C20H19N3O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID YELLOW 17
- CAS:
- 6359-98-4
- MF:
- C16H13Cl2N4NaO7S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ASTRAZON ORANGE R
- CAS:
- 4657-00-5
- MF:
- C28H27ClN2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT SCARLET B
- CAS:
- 3530-19-6
- MF:
- C30H25N4NaO8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Brown 1
- CAS:
- 10114-58-6
- MF:
- C18H19ClN8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLUE 7
- CAS:
- 3179-90-6
- MF:
- C18H18N2O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4'-Chloro-2',5'-dimethoxyacetoacetanilide
- CAS:
- 4433-79-8
- MF:
- C12H14ClNO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Naphthol AS
- CAS:
- 92-77-3
- MF:
- C17H13NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE YELLOW 9
- CAS:
- 6373-73-5
- MF:
- C12H10N4O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-(2',4',6'-Trichlorophenyl)-3-(2'-chloro-5'-nitroanilino)-5-pyrazolone
- CAS:
- 30707-68-7
- MF:
- C15H8Cl4N4O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 61
- CAS:
- 12270-45-0
- MF:
- C17H15Br2N5O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Black GB
- CAS:
- 12220-20-1
- MF:
- C31H25N5Na2O6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Tracid Red Bs
- CAS:
- 15792-43-5
- MF:
- C30H37N3Na2O8S2
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 264
- CAS:
- 39315-90-7
- MF:
- C29H24N3O7S2.Na
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Orange 156
- CAS:
- 68555-86-2
- MF:
- C21H21N4NaO5S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Yellow 19
- CAS:
- 10343-55-2
- MF:
- C16H11CrN4O8S
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Black 168
- CAS:
- 12238-87-8
- MF:
- [C38H23N6O10S.Cr.2Na];[C36H20N5O9S.Cr.2Na]
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- AMIDO GREEN BLACK B
- CAS:
- 5850-39-5
- MF:
- C22H16N6Na2O7S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 44
- CAS:
- 12223-26-6
- MF:
- C16H11ClN6O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 4
- CAS:
- 6786-83-0
- MF:
- C33H33N3O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLUE 102
- CAS:
- 12222-97-8
- MF:
- C15H19N5O4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID RED 97 (C.I. 22890)
- CAS:
- 10169-02-5
- MF:
- C32H23N4NaO8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Green 5
- CAS:
- 224967-52-6
- MF:
- C16H17Cl4N4O2SZn-
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Yellow 49
- CAS:
- 12239-15-5
- MF:
- C16H13Cl2N5O3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Orange 39
- CAS:
- 1325-54-8
- MF:
- C12N3H10SO3Na
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Yellow 51
- CAS:
- 83949-75-1
- MF:
- C20H25N3O4S
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Black ATT
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Sulforhodamine G
- CAS:
- 5873-16-5
- MF:
- C25H27N2NaO7S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Green 1
- CAS:
- 41272-40-6
- MF:
- C25H28N2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Brown 43
- CAS:
- 61116-28-7
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 179
- CAS:
- 61951-64-2
- MF:
- C19H18N6O2S
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 149
- CAS:
- 71902-18-6
- MF:
- C23H22N2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Green 3
- CAS:
- 128-80-3
- MF:
- C28H22N2O2
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown G
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID ORANGE 51
- CAS:
- 8003-88-1
- MF:
- C36H26N6Na2O11S3
- Chemical Name:
- Vulcanizator
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 3GX
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ASTRAZON PINK FG
- CAS:
- 3648-36-0
- MF:
- C22H26Cl2N2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID RED 114
- CAS:
- 6459-94-5
- MF:
- C37H28N4Na2O10S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BLUE 15
- CAS:
- 5863-46-7
- MF:
- C42H46N3NaO6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Pigment Green 18
- CAS:
- 569-64-2
- MF:
- C23H25N2.Cl
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- INDANTHRENE BLACK BBN
- CAS:
- 6369-65-9
- MF:
- C34H15NO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-[4-(PHENYLAZO)PHENYLAZO]-O-CRESOL
- CAS:
- 6300-37-4
- MF:
- C19H16N4O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID YELLOW 40
- CAS:
- 6372-96-9
- MF:
- C23H19ClN4O7S2.Na
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID YELLOW 25 (C.I. 18835)
- CAS:
- 6359-85-9
- MF:
- C23H20N5NaO6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID RED 13
- CAS:
- 6039-95-8
- MF:
- C20H12N2Na2O7S2
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 230
- CAS:
- 12219-37-3
- MF:
- C24H21N2NaO5S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red BFL
- CAS:
- 12223-43-7
- MF:
- C22H18N2O5S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Yellow 4
- CAS:
- 128-66-5
- MF:
- C24H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur yellow 2
- CAS:
- 1326-66-5
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 350
- CAS:
- 138067-74-0
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Green 2
- CAS:
- 25704-81-8
- MF:
- C36H18Br2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 5
- CAS:
- 3769-57-1
- MF:
- C17H19ClN4O4
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Red 14
- CAS:
- 81209-07-6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- p-[[p-(phenylazo)phenyl]azo]phenol
- CAS:
- 6250-23-3
- MF:
- C18H14N4O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- GERANINE G
- CAS:
- 8003-84-7
- MF:
- C24H15N3Na2O7S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALPHAZURINE A
- CAS:
- 3486-30-4
- MF:
- C37H37N2NaO6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Blue 4B
- CAS:
- 2475-31-2
- MF:
- C16H6Br4N2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Blue 81
- CAS:
- 12222-79-6
- MF:
- C14H9BrN2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FLAVANTHRONE
- CAS:
- 475-71-8
- MF:
- C28H12N2O2
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLUE 35
- CAS:
- 12222-75-2
- MF:
- N/A
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- IMMEDIAL BRILLIANT GREEN GB
- CAS:
- 1327-73-7
- MF:
- C22H18N2O4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE VIOLET 26
- CAS:
- 12217-95-7
- MF:
- C26H18N2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Red 49
- CAS:
- 509-34-2
- MF:
- C28H30N2O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIAMINE GREEN B
- CAS:
- 4335-09-5
- MF:
- C34H22N8Na2O10S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-[2,4-Bis(tert-pentyl)phenoxy]-N-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-p-tolyl)butyramide
- CAS:
- 31037-84-0
- MF:
- C27H37Cl2NO3
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Brown 283
- CAS:
- 12219-66-8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 91
- CAS:
- 12236-10-1
- MF:
- C20H21NO5
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Yellow 9
- CAS:
- 1326-40-5
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Red 6
- CAS:
- 1327-85-1
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow 163
- CAS:
- 71767-67-4
- MF:
- C18H14Cl2N6O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 54
- CAS:
- 6021-61-0
- MF:
- C19H18ClN5O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- disodium 2-[4-[[1-[[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulphonatophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]phenyl]-6-methylbenzothiazole-7-sulphonate
- CAS:
- 72705-26-1
- MF:
- C26H25N4NaO9S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Red 51
- CAS:
- 12270-25-6
- MF:
- C13H18ClN5
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 200
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Grey 2BL
- Chemical Name:
- SulphurDyes
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow HG
- MF:
- C16H12N4O4
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Grass Green GN