dye
Dyes refer to the organic substances enable the strong coloring of fiber and some other materials. There are various kinds of dyes. According to the source, they can be divided into natural dyes (such as vegetable dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes, etc.) and synthetic dyes (or artificial dyes). According to the molecular structure, it can be divided into azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aromatic dyes and nitro dyes. Based on the application methods, it can be divided into acid dyes, basic dyes, sulfur dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes and so on. Dyes have color, but substance having color does not necessarily belong to dyes. Dye must have a chromophore and auxochrome group. Dye contained in the ink should also have water-soluble group such as sulfonic acid group.
Natural dyes are dyes obtained from animals, plants and minerals. According to sources they can be divided into:
1 Plant dyes; dyes extracted from the roots, stems, leaves and fruit of some plants such as indigo extracted from the leaves of indigo (blue); curcumin extracted from turmeric (yellow); alizarin extracted from madder (red) and so on;
2 Animal dyes; dyes extracted from animal body such as carmine extracted from cochineal, etc;
3 Mineral dyes; dyes extracted from the colored inorganic substance of mineral such as chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, brown and other manganese. Owing to its various disadvantages compared with artificial dyes such as incomplete chromatography, application inconvenience and poor fastness, most natural dyes have been eliminated except for a few still in use.
Synthetic dyes, also known as "artificial dyes." is mainly made through the chemical processing of coal tar (or oil processing) fractionation products (such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and carbazole, etc.), sometimes are also known as coal tar dyes. Since the earliest several synthetic dyes all took aniline as raw material, it is also known as "aniline dyes." Compared with the natural dyes, synthetic dyes have various kinds with complete chromatography and most of them being colorful, washable and being able to be produced in large scale. Thus, almost all of the current so-called dye refers to synthetic dyes with its dyeing products being one of the common samples of Forensic evidence.
There are two ways for classifications of dyes:
The first type is the basic chemical taxonomy based on the chromophore. According to this, dyes can be classified into azo dyes, sulfur dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, heterocyclic dyes and phthalocyanine dyes, 10 categories in total.
The second type is based on the property of the dye to the fiber or coloring properties. Based on this, the dyes can be divided into acid dyes, neutral dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes and other dyes, 14 categories in total.
There are various kinds of dyes of different properties and wide range of applications. However, dyes used as physical evidence are largely fixed in textile fibers or paper, or as a kind of organizational component of ink, printing ink and pen oil. Usually after extraction, it can subject to comparison testing using micro-chemical method, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, UV - visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.
The international development of dye was very rapid in 1970s while people have mainly focused on develop new varieties and improve quality since 1990s with the annual output being maintained at the level of 100 million tons.
Chinese dyes got rapid development in 1980s with the main focus being improving the quality after 1990 as well. The production output still maintain a certain growth rate with annual output being around 300,000 t. In 2000, the output is 315 600 t. Dyes used for textile dyeing account about 85% with the rest being used for the coloring of leather, plastic, paper and paint.
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- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Dyestuff
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 142
- CAS:
- 6406-66-2
- MF:
- C22H17N4NaO7S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-AMINO-4-CHLOROTOLUENE HYDROCHLORIDE
- CAS:
- 6259-42-3
- MF:
- C7H9Cl2N
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 374
- CAS:
- 6507-78-4
- MF:
- C38H29N4Na3O11S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 6
- CAS:
- 6786-84-1
- MF:
- C29H33N3O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- disodium 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-[[4'-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)azo][1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]azo]-6-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2,7-disulphonate
- CAS:
- 3626-28-6
- MF:
- C34H23N7Na2O8S2
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Yellow 79
- CAS:
- 12237-31-9
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 138
- CAS:
- 1324-53-4
- MF:
- C32H36N2Na2O8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID YELLOW 11
- CAS:
- 6359-82-6
- MF:
- C16H15N4NaO4S
- Chemical Name:
- Sulfur Yellow Brown 6G
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Green 28
- CAS:
- 12217-29-7
- MF:
- C34H32N2Na2O10S2
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Orange 46
- CAS:
- 12222-37-6
- MF:
- Unspecified
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Yellow 46
- CAS:
- 12237-50-2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BLUE 29
- CAS:
- 5850-35-1
- MF:
- C22H14N6Na2O9S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CIBACRON BRILLIANT YELLOW 3G-P
- CAS:
- 50662-99-2
- MF:
- C25H15Cl3N9Na3O10S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Blue 27
- CAS:
- 15791-78-3
- MF:
- C22H16N2O7
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Red 41
- CAS:
- 522-75-8
- MF:
- C16H8O2S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ASTRAZON RED 6B
- CAS:
- 6441-82-3
- MF:
- C24H30Cl2N2
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Dyes
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Black GI
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CHLORANTINE FAST RED 5B
- CAS:
- 2610-11-9
- MF:
- C29H19N5Na2O8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALIZARIN RUBINOL R
- CAS:
- 4478-76-6
- MF:
- C24H19N2NaO5S
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Yellow MR
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT RED 80
- CAS:
- 2610-10-8
- MF:
- C45H33N10NaO21S6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Crystal Violet Nonahydrate
- CAS:
- 60662-33-1
- MF:
- C25H48ClN3O9
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- SUPRACET BRILLIANT RED BD
- CAS:
- 6373-93-9
- MF:
- C18H20N4O3S
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT BLACK
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Blue 151
- CAS:
- 110735-25-6
- MF:
- C34H25N5O10S2.2Na
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 118
- CAS:
- 12217-35-5
- MF:
- C25H24N4O6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Blue 162
- CAS:
- 15085-91-3
- MF:
- C20H23N5O5S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Yellow 72
- CAS:
- 52584-47-1
- MF:
- C28H35Cl2N4NaO4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Brown 4
- CAS:
- 5858-51-5
- MF:
- C16H12N3NaO4S
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 260
- CAS:
- 62168-86-9
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Brown 354
- CAS:
- 71799-43-4
- MF:
- C30H20N8Na2O12S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-[N-(2-Cyanoethyl)-4-[(2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenyl)azo]anilino]ethyl acetate
- CAS:
- 5261-31-4
- MF:
- C19H17Cl2N5O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazolium chloride
- CAS:
- 77061-58-6
- MF:
- C13H18ClN5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- sodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-6-(phenylamino)naphthalene-2-sulphonate
- CAS:
- 3626-41-3
- MF:
- C23H17N4NaO7S
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Golden Yellow RK
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLACK 9
- CAS:
- 12222-69-4
- MF:
- C16H20N4O2
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Brown 4
- CAS:
- 1326-90-5
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 215
- CAS:
- 12239-06-4
- MF:
- C16H14N6O6S
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral balsam
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Red GGF
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Dyestuff
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Dark Blue VB
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ERIO GREEN B
- CAS:
- 12768-78-4
- MF:
- C31H33N2NaO6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIRECT YELLOW 29
- CAS:
- 6537-66-2
- MF:
- C42H24N6Na2O6S6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLACK 9
- CAS:
- 20721-50-0
- MF:
- C16H20N4O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- SIRIUS YELLOW GC
- CAS:
- 8005-52-5
- MF:
- C27H20N6Na2O8S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 73
- CAS:
- 5413-75-2
- MF:
- C22H17N4NaO7S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- SOLVENT YELLOW 16
- CAS:
- 119371-24-3
- MF:
- C16H14N4O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BASIC YELLOW 11
- CAS:
- 4208-80-4
- MF:
- C21H25ClN2O2
- Chemical Name:
- PIGMENT VIOLET 3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- MORDANT BROWN 1
- CAS:
- 3564-15-6
- MF:
- C22H16N7NaO6S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Orange 2
- CAS:
- 532-82-1
- MF:
- C12H13ClN4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BISMARCK BROWN B
- MF:
- C18H18N8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CRYSTAL PONCEAU 6R
- CAS:
- 2766-77-0
- MF:
- C20H12N2Na2O7S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Hydroxy-N-naphthalen-1-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide
- CAS:
- 132-68-3
- MF:
- C21H15NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE BLUE 124
- CAS:
- 61951-51-7
- MF:
- C16H19N5O4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DISPERSE VIOLET 17
- CAS:
- 12217-92-4
- MF:
- C14H8BrNO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Naphthol AS-E
- CAS:
- 92-78-4
- MF:
- C17H12ClNO2
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Blue 182
- CAS:
- 12219-26-0
- MF:
- C23H17N3O9S2·2Na
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Red 72
- CAS:
- 12223-39-1
- MF:
- C20H18N6O4
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Blue 97
- CAS:
- 61969-44-6
- MF:
- C36H38N2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid violet 68
- CAS:
- 61724-46-7
- MF:
- C28H33N3O4S
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Red 122
- CAS:
- 12234-98-9
- MF:
- C38H30N4Na2O8S2
- Chemical Name:
- Sulfur Red Brown B3R
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Black DB
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Brown GG
- Chemical Name:
- C.I.Acid Red 337
- MF:
- C17H11F3N3NaO4S
- Chemical Name:
- Basic Black
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Diazodiphenylamine sulfate
- CAS:
- 4477-28-5
- MF:
- C12H11N3O4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 5
- CAS:
- 6232-56-0
- MF:
- C15H14Cl2N4O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- OPAL BLUE SS
- CAS:
- 2152-64-9
- MF:
- C37H30ClN3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ASTRAZON BRILLIANT RED 4G
- CAS:
- 12217-48-0
- MF:
- C23H26ClN3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ORALITH BRILLIANT PINK R
- CAS:
- 2379-74-0
- MF:
- C18H10Cl2O2S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CHLORAZOL BLUE RW
- CAS:
- 2586-57-4
- MF:
- C34H28N5NaO10S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Blue 4
- CAS:
- 81-77-6
- MF:
- C28H14N2O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- REACTIVE BLUE 19
- CAS:
- 2580-78-1
- MF:
- C22H19N2NaO11S3
- Chemical Name:
- ACID DYES
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Orange 95
- CAS:
- 12217-33-3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Black 60
- CAS:
- 12218-95-0
- MF:
- C38H33CrN8O10S2
- Chemical Name:
- Neutral Red 2gl
- CAS:
- 12239-05-3
- MF:
- C17H14IN5O4S
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Orange 107
- CAS:
- 185766-20-5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Yellow brown Se-4br Wet Cake
- CAS:
- 51811-42-8
- MF:
- C17H15Cl2N5O2
- Chemical Name:
- Solvent Black 29
- CAS:
- 61901-87-9
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Brown 44
- CAS:
- 6252-62-6
- MF:
- C30H24N12Na2O6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Brown 98
- CAS:
- 12269-88-4
- MF:
- C48H39FeN15O21S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Direct Yellow 120
- CAS:
- 12222-63-8
- MF:
- C27H22N6Na2O9S2
- Chemical Name:
- Disperse Orange 3GL
- Chemical Name:
- Sulphur Brilliant Green GB
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Turquoise Blue
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACID BLUE 92
- CAS:
- 3861-73-2
- MF:
- C26H20N3NaO10S3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- SOLVENT ORANGE 63
- MF:
- C23H12OS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Violet 43
- CAS:
- 4430-18-6
- MF:
- C21H16NNaO6S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Violet 49
- CAS:
- 1694-09-3
- MF:
- C39H42N3NaO6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vat Yellow 10
- CAS:
- 2379-76-2
- MF:
- C68H42N6O8
- Chemical Name:
- Acid black 29
- CAS:
- 12217-14-0
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Yellow 61
- CAS:
- 12217-38-8
- MF:
- C24H22Cl2N5NaO6S2
- Chemical Name:
- Acid Yellow 79
- CAS:
- 12220-70-1
- MF:
- C47H40N10Na2O12S4