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Ethyl chloroformate

Product Name
Ethyl chloroformate
CAS No.
541-41-3
Chemical Name
Ethyl chloroformate
Synonyms
ECF;CHLOROFORMIC ACID ETHYL ESTER;ETHYL CHLOROCARBONATE;LJSYZ;ethyl chlorofomate;Cathyl chloride;ETHYL CHLOROFORMIATE;ethylcarbonochloridate;Chlorine ethyl forMate;Ethyl Chloro ForMate (ECF)
CBNumber
CB5853780
Molecular Formula
C3H5ClO2
Formula Weight
108.52
MOL File
541-41-3.mol
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Ethyl chloroformate Property

Melting point:
-81 °C (lit.)
Boiling point:
93 °C (lit.)
Density 
1.135 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density 
3.74 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
3.42 psi ( 20 °C)
refractive index 
n20/D 1.395(lit.)
Flash point:
57 °F
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
Chloroform (Soluble), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form 
Liquid
color 
White to off-white
Odor
Irritating; sharp, like hydrochloric acid.
Water Solubility 
decomposes
Sensitive 
Moisture Sensitive
Merck 
14,3784
BRN 
385653
Dielectric constant
11.3(20℃)
Stability:
Moisture Sensitive
LogP
1.440 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference
541-41-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Carbonochloridic acid, ethyl ester(541-41-3)
EPA Substance Registry System
Ethyl chloroformate (541-41-3)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
F,T+,N
Risk Statements 
11-22-26-34-50
Safety Statements 
9-16-26-28-33-36/37/39-45-61
RIDADR 
UN 1182 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
LQ6125000
10-19-21
Autoignition Temperature
842 °F
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
6.1
PackingGroup 
I
HS Code 
29151300
Hazardous Substances Data
541-41-3(Hazardous Substances Data)
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H225Highly Flammable liquid and vapour

H290May be corrosive to metals

H302Harmful if swallowed

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H330Fatal if inhaled

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
185892
Product name
Ethyl chloroformate
Purity
97%
Packaging
100g
Price
$43.1
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
185892
Product name
Ethyl chloroformate
Purity
97%
Packaging
500g
Price
$110.4
Updated
2024/03/01
Alfa Aesar
Product number
L06311
Product name
Ethyl chloroformate
Purity
97%
Packaging
5g
Price
$23
Updated
2023/06/20
Alfa Aesar
Product number
L06311
Product name
Ethyl chloroformate
Purity
97%
Packaging
500g
Price
$325
Updated
2023/06/20
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
185892
Product name
Ethyl chloroformate
Purity
97%
Packaging
5g
Price
$39.6
Updated
2024/03/01
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Ethyl chloroformate Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Ethyl chloroformate is a colorless to light yellow liquid that is corrosive and flammable. It is prepared from phosgene and ethanol. It has a sharp pungent odor, like hydrochloric acid, and it decomposes in water. It is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, and ether.

Uses

Ethyl chloroformate (chloroformic acid ethyl ester) is used as a solvent in the photographic industry, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various carbamates, and used in synthesis of dyes, drugs, veterinary medicines, herbicides, and insecticides. It is also used in the production of flotation agents for ores, as a stabilizer for PVC, and in the production of modified penicillins and heterocyclic compounds (Gerhartz, 1985).
Cathyl Chloride is used in the preparation of new inhibitors for β-homocysteine S-methyltransferase. Also used in the synthesis of a hexosaminidase inhibitor.

Preparation

Ethyl chloroformate was used in the synthesis of nitrile oxides. It can be obtained synthetically by the reaction between phosgene and anhydrous ethanol.
Ethyl chloroformate is chlorinated in the rectifying zone of a distillation reactor to produce 1-chloroethyl chloroformate and 2-chloroethyl chloroformate.

General Description

A colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 66°F. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Vapors are heavier than air. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations may have adverse health effects from inhalation.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Emits fumes containing HCl on contact with moist air. Decomposes exothermically but slowly in water.

Reactivity Profile

Ethyl chloroformate decomposes slowly in water to form ethanol, HCl, and CO2 Attacks many metals especially in humid atmosphere [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 476]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes mucous membrane irritation, coughing, and sneezing. Vapor causes severe lachrymation; liquid causes acid-type burns of eyes and skin, like those of hydrochloric acid. Ingestion causes severe burns of mouth and stomach.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic chlorine and phosgene gases may be formed in fires.

Flammability and Explosibility

Highly flammable

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water: Slow reaction with water, evolving hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); Reactivity with Common Materials: Slow evolution of hydrogen chloride from surface moisture reaction can cause slow corrosion; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water, rinse with sodium bicarbonate or lime solution; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Corrosive. An eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cl-.

Potential Exposure

Heavily used in industry for various processes; in ore processing, photography, making other chemicals including amines, carbamates, isocyanates; polymers, diethyl carbonate; nitriles, etc.

Shipping

UN1182 Ethyl chloroformate, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquid, 8-Corrosive material Inhalation Hazard Zone B

Purification Methods

Wash the ester several times with water, redistil it using an efficient fractionating column at atmospheric pressure and a CaCl2 guard tube to keep free from moisture [Hamilton & Sly J Am Chem Soc 47 435 1925, Saunders et al. J Am Chem Soc 73 3796 1951]. [Beilstein 3 IV 23.] LACHRYMATORY AND TOXIC.

Incompatibilities

Highly flammable; Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Emits fumes containing HCl on contact with moist air. Decomposes exothermically but slowly in water. Ethyl chloroformate decomposes slowly in water forming ethanol, hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide. May react vigorously, possibly explosively, if mixed with di-isopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts. Reacts with acids, alkalies, amines, alcohols, oxidizers and water. Corrosive to metals especially in the presence of moisture.

Waste Disposal

Use a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices

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