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Analytical Chemistry

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Analytical chemistry is the subject for the method and basic principle of studying and identifying of the composition, status, structure of matter as well as determination of related content. It is an important branch of chemistry subject. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in not only its own development but also in various fields related to the chemistry. We can say that all the practice of any human activity involving chemical phenomena is inseparable from analytical chemistry. Now, people have developed various kinds of different analytical methods, which can be classified based on an analysis task, analysis object, the basis of the analysis, requirement of the analysis and sample dosage.

According to the analysis tasks, it can be divided into qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structural analysis. Task of qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, radicals, functional groups or compounds that constituting the substances; the task of the quantitative analysis is to determine the content of the related components in the sample; the task of structural analysis is to study the molecular structure or crystal structure of the material.

(1) According to the analysis objects, it can be divided into organic and inorganic analysis; the object for the inorganic analysis is inorganic substance; the object of organic analysis is organic substance. In the inorganic analysis, it is generally required to determine what elements, ions, radicals or compounds that constitutes the sample and measure the percentage of each component; and sometimes it is also necessary for determination of the crystal structure; in the organic analysis, it not only requires the identification of the constituent elements, but also, more importantly, should do the structure analysis and functional group analysis.
(2) According to whether the analysis is based on the physical properties or chemical properties of the substance, it can be divided into instrumental analysis and chemical analysis. Depending on the specific requirements, it can be divided into routine analysis, rapid analysis and arbitration Analysis. Routine analysis refers to the general daily laboratory production analysis, also known as conventional analysis; rapid analysis is a kind of routine analysis and is mainly applied to the control of the production process, demanding the report of the results in the shortest possible time with the error generally being allowed to be greater; arbitration analysis is needed when there is controversy in the analysis results from different institute, demanding related department to conduct accurate analysis using specific method in order to determine the accuracy of the results of the original analysis.
(3) According to the amount of the sample, it can be generally divided into constant (> 0.1g), semi-micro (0.01 ~ 0.1g) and trace (1 ~ 10mg) analysis.
(4) In the inorganic qualitative chemical analysis, people generally apply semi-micro method while people generally apply constant analysis in the quantitative chemical analysis. According to the relative amounts of the analyzed components contained in the sample, it is also roughly divided into constant component analysis (> 1%), minor component analysis (0.01 to 1%) and trace components analysis (<0.01%). For the analysis of some trace amount of components contained in some kinds of complicated mixture and some substances, it is necessary to perform separation and enrichment. This produces a series of separation techniques, such as extraction, distillation, ion exchange, chromatography, sedimentation and flotation separation, these chemical separation techniques are an integral part of the analysis.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Analytical Chemistry is briefly referred to environmental analysis. It is a kind of subject to study the types, components of pollutants in the environment as well as how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical contaminants in the environment. It is a branch of environmental chemistry.

Environmental analytical chemistry emerged, developed and improved during the process of solving environmental problems. In 1950s, the public nuisance disease occurred in Japan had alerted the whole world. In order to find the cause of public nuisance disease, after experiencing as long as 11 years, later, the chemists of environmental analysis had applied light spectrum and identified that the river in Itai-itai disease area contained harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and so on. Further by means of tracking element analysis of the soil and food in the disease area, people had found high lead and cadmium content. Later, people had further conducted spectral quantitative analysis on the body and bone of the patients in the disease area and found that the bone ashes contained alarmingly high content of zinc, lead and cadmium. To determine the causative agent, people further incorporated zinc, lead and cadmium into the food for feeding animals and conduct trace elemental analysis for animals and confirmed the serious harm of cadmium on the bone, revealing the cause of the Itai-itai disease. The development of modern science, especially the development of modern chemistry, physics, mathematics, electronics, biology, as well as the emergence of accurate, reliable, sensitive, selective, rapid, simple environmental pollution analysis technology and automation equipment, has been resulting in the maturation of environmental analytical chemistry. Environmental analytical chemistry now has penetrated into all areas of the entire environmental science subject. It is the most effective means of access to environmental information quality.
The objects of the environmental analytical chemistry research are quite complicated, including air, water, soil, sediment, minerals, waste, animals, plants, food, and human tissue. The content of chemical elements or compound to be determined in the environmental analytic chemistry is very low, with the absolute content being within the level of 10-6 to 10-12 grams.


The analysis technology in the environmental analytical chemistry is developing towards the direction of continuous automation, computerization and joint combination of various methods and instruments. Currently applied automatic analysis methods include colorimetric analysis, ion selective electrode, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, polarography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. Laser, as the light source of analytical chemistry technique, has also been applied. Since the laser analysis has properties of high resolution, high sensitivity, long-range and short-term, the laser technology will play a pivotal role in the development of environmental analytical chemistry.

With the deepened development of environmental science, environmental analytical chemistry is often demanded for trace levels and ultra-trace-level detection and analysis, therefore, high sensitivity. Thus study of analysis methods of high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid trace and ultra trace will become the major development direction for environmental analysis in the near future.

Qualitative Analysis of Chemistry
Qualitative analytic chemistry is the subject to identify the chemical elements and atoms groups contained in the sample. It is a branch subject of the analysis chemistry. Its purpose is to ascertain the chemical composition of the research object (specimen).
The major research content of the qualitative analytic chemistry includes:

1 the tested samples were analyzed separately. Namely take part of the sample and use exclusive reaction to detect a desire detection component.
2 systematic analysis of the samples. This means successively apply a few selective reactions for gradual separation of the ions followed by separation of each group until separating to only one substance and finally apply confirming reaction to ascertain the existence of this substance. The most famous cation system analysis method is H2S system. In recent years, due to the use of advanced equipment, qualitative analysis has also rapidly developed together with multivariate analysis and has also become an important direction for analytical chemistry.

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Structure:
Chemical Name:
OLEYL ACETATE
CAS:
693-80-1
MF:
C20H38O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Fluorescein 6-isothiocyanate
CAS:
18861-78-4
MF:
C21H11NO5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ALDICARB-SULFONE
CAS:
1646-88-4
MF:
C7H14N2O4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
AMBERLITE(R) IRA-900
CAS:
9050-97-9
MF:
CH3BN-
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D-ALPHA-METHYLBENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
CAS:
24277-44-9
MF:
C9H9NS
Structure:
Chemical Name:
METHYL 12-HYDROXYSTEARATE
CAS:
141-23-1
MF:
C19H38O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CARBOFURAN-3-HYDROXY
CAS:
16655-82-6
MF:
C12H15NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pyributicarb
CAS:
88678-67-5
MF:
C18H22N2O2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Dinitramine
CAS:
29091-05-2
MF:
C11H13F3N4O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Terbacil
CAS:
5902-51-2
MF:
C9H13ClN2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BROMOPRIDE
CAS:
4093-35-0
MF:
C14H22BrN3O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,3,4,5-TETRACHLOROPHENOL
CAS:
4901-51-3
MF:
C6H2Cl4O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-DESMETHYLCLOZAPINE
CAS:
6104-71-8
MF:
C17H17ClN4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid
CAS:
3375-50-6
MF:
C2H6O3S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ARALDITE M
CAS:
3101-60-8
MF:
C13H18O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Amylmetacresol
CAS:
1300-94-3
MF:
C12H18O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
17-OCTADECYNOIC ACID
CAS:
34450-18-5
MF:
C18H32O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
PENTACHLOROANISOLE
CAS:
1825-21-4
MF:
C7H3Cl5O
Chemical Name:
Soybean Flour
CAS:
68513-95-1
Structure:
Chemical Name:
MEPENZOLATE BROMIDE
CAS:
76-90-4
MF:
C21H26BrNO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL
CAS:
609-19-8
MF:
C6H3Cl3O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
6-METHYLCHRYSENE
CAS:
1705-85-7
MF:
C19H14
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
CAS:
126-72-7
MF:
C9H15Br6O4P
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Chlordecone
CAS:
143-50-0
MF:
C10Cl10O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(PENTAFLUOROPROPIONYL)IMIDAZOLE
CAS:
71735-32-5
MF:
C6H3F5N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
METHYSTICIN
CAS:
495-85-2
MF:
C15H14O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
QUINMERAC
CAS:
90717-03-6
MF:
C11H8ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-CARBOXY-2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYLPIPERIDINE 1-OXYL
CAS:
37149-18-1
MF:
C10H18NO3*
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid
CAS:
133481-09-1
MF:
C9H13NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
beta-D-Glucan
CAS:
9041-22-9
MF:
C18H30O14X2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ARACHIDONIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
CAS:
1808-26-0
MF:
C22H36O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,4,6-TRI-TERT-BUTYLNITROSOBENZENE
CAS:
24973-59-9
MF:
C18H29NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,4-DIAMINO-6-DIMETHYLAMINO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE
CAS:
1985-46-2
MF:
C5H10N6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,4,5-TRICHLOROTOLUENE
CAS:
6639-30-1
MF:
C7H5Cl3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
NEOERIOCITRIN
CAS:
13241-32-2
MF:
C27H32O15
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Triflumizole
CAS:
99387-89-0
MF:
C15H15ClF3N3O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
NEBURON
CAS:
555-37-3
MF:
C12H16Cl2N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,4-DB METHYL ESTER
CAS:
18625-12-2
MF:
C11H12Cl2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CAPTOPRIL DISULFIDE
CAS:
64806-05-9
MF:
C18H28N2O6S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-PHENYLPENTADECANE
CAS:
2131-18-2
MF:
C21H36
Structure:
Chemical Name:
DIMETHYL TETRADECANEDIOATE
CAS:
5024-21-5
MF:
C16H30O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(Ethylamino)propiophenone hydrochloride
CAS:
51553-17-4
MF:
C11H16ClNO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
9-(BROMOMETHYL)ACRIDINE
CAS:
1556-34-9
MF:
C14H10BrN
Structure:
Chemical Name:
IOXYNIL OCTANOATE
CAS:
3861-47-0
MF:
C15H17I2NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-BENZYL-1,2,3,6,7,11B-HEXAHYDRO-4H-PYRAZION[2,1-A] ISOQUINOLINE-4-ONE
CAS:
54761-87-4
MF:
C19H18N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TETRACONAZOLE
CAS:
112281-77-3
MF:
C13H11Cl2F4N3O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,4,4'-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL
CAS:
7012-37-5
MF:
C12H7Cl3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,3-Dichlorobiphenyl
CAS:
16605-91-7
MF:
C12H8Cl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
METHYL STEARATE
CAS:
27234-05-5
MF:
C19H38O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
PENTACHLOROTHIOANISOLE
CAS:
1825-19-0
MF:
C7H3Cl5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CHLORFENAC
CAS:
85-34-7
MF:
C8H5Cl3O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
M-CYMENE
CAS:
535-77-3
MF:
C10H14
Structure:
Chemical Name:
MICROCYSTIN-LR
CAS:
101043-37-2
MF:
C49H74N10O12
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FLONICAMID
CAS:
158062-67-0
MF:
C9H6F3N3O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Chloromethyl ethyl carbonate
CAS:
35179-98-7
MF:
C4H7ClO3
Chemical Name:
Bimatoprost Impurity 10
Chemical Name:
Carbetocin S-Oxide II
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Empagliflozin Impurity 82
CAS:
2452301-16-3
MF:
C17H16ClIO2
Chemical Name:
Empagliflozin Impurity 88
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Tofacitinib Impurity K
CAS:
2328165-36-0
MF:
C16H21N5O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Olopatadine Impurity 13
CAS:
55453-90-2
MF:
C18H16O4
Chemical Name:
Avibactam sodium Impurity CIA
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-((2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino)butanoic acid
CAS:
1096803-44-9
MF:
C6H12N2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Lenvatinib impurity LFZZ-17
MF:
C11H9NO4
Chemical Name:
Ornidazole Impurity 25
Chemical Name:
Pitavastatin Impurity 72
Chemical Name:
Febuxostat Impurity 109
Chemical Name:
Brivaracetam Impurity 37
Chemical Name:
Ticagrelor Impurity 133
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-[(1,3-Dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborol-5-yl)oxy]-benzamide
CAS:
1187188-59-5
MF:
C14H12BNO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Propenoic acid, 3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-
CAS:
219915-41-0
MF:
C10H10O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-Alanine, 3-[(R)-(carboxymethyl)sulfinyl]-
CAS:
61475-35-2
MF:
C5H9NO5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Phenol, 2-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-
CAS:
2362-57-4
MF:
C12H10N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-6,8-dimethoxy-4-oxo-
CAS:
2410658-30-7
MF:
C15H14FNO5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Hexanoic acid, 3-(hydroxymethyl)-
CAS:
81381-87-5
MF:
C7H14O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, 3,3'-dithiobis[5-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-, 1,1'-bis[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl] ester, (3S,3'S,5S,5'S)-
CAS:
936226-36-7
MF:
C30H36N6O10S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D-Glucitol, 1,5-anhydro-1-C-[4-chloro-3-[[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]-, (1S)-
CAS:
946525-39-9
MF:
C22H27ClO6
Chemical Name:
Topiroxostat Impurity 42
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Crisaborole intermediate
CAS:
1187188-60-8
MF:
C14H13BO4
Chemical Name:
Regorafenib Impurity MHY
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Thiazolamine, 5-(4-cyclohexyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-(4,5-dichloro-2-thienyl)-
CAS:
570407-63-5
MF:
C17H22Cl2N4S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
INDEX NAME NOT YET ASSIGNED
CAS:
2417213-74-0
MF:
C42H42N4O12S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Lumateperone Impurity 6
CAS:
313368-82-0
MF:
C23H26FN3O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1H-?Indole-?5,?6-?diol, 1-?[3-?(4-?hydroxyphenyl)?-?1-?methylpropyl]?-
CAS:
2514709-72-7
MF:
C18H19NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1H-?Indole-?5,?6-?diol, 1-?[3-?(4-?hydroxyphenyl)?-?1-?methylpropyl]?-
CAS:
2514709-72-7
MF:
C18H19NO3
Chemical Name:
6,6'-oxybis(3-((4-oxo-3,4-dihydrophthalazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid)
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-Pyrimidineethanol, 6-bromo-α-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-β-methyl-α-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-
CAS:
1307315-04-3
MF:
C16H13BrF3N5O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Cycloocta[b]pyridine, 2-(4-ethyl-1,4-dioxido-1-piperazinyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-
CAS:
2247538-61-8
MF:
C23H30FN3O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Apremilast Impurity 84
CAS:
2096492-43-0
MF:
C22H24N2O8S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Apremilast Impurity 84
CAS:
2096492-43-0
MF:
C22H24N2O8S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Apremilast Impurity 84
CAS:
2096492-43-0
MF:
C22H24N2O8S
Chemical Name:
Vonoprazan Impurity B-3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Azetidineacetamide, 1-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-
CAS:
2271228-51-2
MF:
C16H19N7O3S
Chemical Name:
Budesonide Impurity 26
Structure:
Chemical Name:
OXELADIN CITRATE
CAS:
52432-72-1
MF:
C20H33NO3.C6H8O7
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,4,6-TRIS(HEPTAFLUOROPROPYL)-1,3,5-TRIAZINE
CAS:
915-76-4
MF:
C12F21N3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,3-DIHYDRO-6-ISOTHIOCYANATO-1,4-PHTHALAZINEDIONE
CAS:
107807-39-6
MF:
C9H5N3O2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,2',5-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL
CAS:
37680-65-2
MF:
C12H7Cl3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
alpha-Amyrin
CAS:
638-95-9
MF:
C30H50O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Diphenylmethylpiperidine hydrochloride
CAS:
5807-81-8
MF:
C18H22ClN