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Analytical Chemistry

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Analytical chemistry is the subject for the method and basic principle of studying and identifying of the composition, status, structure of matter as well as determination of related content. It is an important branch of chemistry subject. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in not only its own development but also in various fields related to the chemistry. We can say that all the practice of any human activity involving chemical phenomena is inseparable from analytical chemistry. Now, people have developed various kinds of different analytical methods, which can be classified based on an analysis task, analysis object, the basis of the analysis, requirement of the analysis and sample dosage.

According to the analysis tasks, it can be divided into qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structural analysis. Task of qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, radicals, functional groups or compounds that constituting the substances; the task of the quantitative analysis is to determine the content of the related components in the sample; the task of structural analysis is to study the molecular structure or crystal structure of the material.

(1) According to the analysis objects, it can be divided into organic and inorganic analysis; the object for the inorganic analysis is inorganic substance; the object of organic analysis is organic substance. In the inorganic analysis, it is generally required to determine what elements, ions, radicals or compounds that constitutes the sample and measure the percentage of each component; and sometimes it is also necessary for determination of the crystal structure; in the organic analysis, it not only requires the identification of the constituent elements, but also, more importantly, should do the structure analysis and functional group analysis.
(2) According to whether the analysis is based on the physical properties or chemical properties of the substance, it can be divided into instrumental analysis and chemical analysis. Depending on the specific requirements, it can be divided into routine analysis, rapid analysis and arbitration Analysis. Routine analysis refers to the general daily laboratory production analysis, also known as conventional analysis; rapid analysis is a kind of routine analysis and is mainly applied to the control of the production process, demanding the report of the results in the shortest possible time with the error generally being allowed to be greater; arbitration analysis is needed when there is controversy in the analysis results from different institute, demanding related department to conduct accurate analysis using specific method in order to determine the accuracy of the results of the original analysis.
(3) According to the amount of the sample, it can be generally divided into constant (> 0.1g), semi-micro (0.01 ~ 0.1g) and trace (1 ~ 10mg) analysis.
(4) In the inorganic qualitative chemical analysis, people generally apply semi-micro method while people generally apply constant analysis in the quantitative chemical analysis. According to the relative amounts of the analyzed components contained in the sample, it is also roughly divided into constant component analysis (> 1%), minor component analysis (0.01 to 1%) and trace components analysis (<0.01%). For the analysis of some trace amount of components contained in some kinds of complicated mixture and some substances, it is necessary to perform separation and enrichment. This produces a series of separation techniques, such as extraction, distillation, ion exchange, chromatography, sedimentation and flotation separation, these chemical separation techniques are an integral part of the analysis.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Analytical Chemistry is briefly referred to environmental analysis. It is a kind of subject to study the types, components of pollutants in the environment as well as how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical contaminants in the environment. It is a branch of environmental chemistry.

Environmental analytical chemistry emerged, developed and improved during the process of solving environmental problems. In 1950s, the public nuisance disease occurred in Japan had alerted the whole world. In order to find the cause of public nuisance disease, after experiencing as long as 11 years, later, the chemists of environmental analysis had applied light spectrum and identified that the river in Itai-itai disease area contained harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and so on. Further by means of tracking element analysis of the soil and food in the disease area, people had found high lead and cadmium content. Later, people had further conducted spectral quantitative analysis on the body and bone of the patients in the disease area and found that the bone ashes contained alarmingly high content of zinc, lead and cadmium. To determine the causative agent, people further incorporated zinc, lead and cadmium into the food for feeding animals and conduct trace elemental analysis for animals and confirmed the serious harm of cadmium on the bone, revealing the cause of the Itai-itai disease. The development of modern science, especially the development of modern chemistry, physics, mathematics, electronics, biology, as well as the emergence of accurate, reliable, sensitive, selective, rapid, simple environmental pollution analysis technology and automation equipment, has been resulting in the maturation of environmental analytical chemistry. Environmental analytical chemistry now has penetrated into all areas of the entire environmental science subject. It is the most effective means of access to environmental information quality.
The objects of the environmental analytical chemistry research are quite complicated, including air, water, soil, sediment, minerals, waste, animals, plants, food, and human tissue. The content of chemical elements or compound to be determined in the environmental analytic chemistry is very low, with the absolute content being within the level of 10-6 to 10-12 grams.


The analysis technology in the environmental analytical chemistry is developing towards the direction of continuous automation, computerization and joint combination of various methods and instruments. Currently applied automatic analysis methods include colorimetric analysis, ion selective electrode, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, polarography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. Laser, as the light source of analytical chemistry technique, has also been applied. Since the laser analysis has properties of high resolution, high sensitivity, long-range and short-term, the laser technology will play a pivotal role in the development of environmental analytical chemistry.

With the deepened development of environmental science, environmental analytical chemistry is often demanded for trace levels and ultra-trace-level detection and analysis, therefore, high sensitivity. Thus study of analysis methods of high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid trace and ultra trace will become the major development direction for environmental analysis in the near future.

Qualitative Analysis of Chemistry
Qualitative analytic chemistry is the subject to identify the chemical elements and atoms groups contained in the sample. It is a branch subject of the analysis chemistry. Its purpose is to ascertain the chemical composition of the research object (specimen).
The major research content of the qualitative analytic chemistry includes:

1 the tested samples were analyzed separately. Namely take part of the sample and use exclusive reaction to detect a desire detection component.
2 systematic analysis of the samples. This means successively apply a few selective reactions for gradual separation of the ions followed by separation of each group until separating to only one substance and finally apply confirming reaction to ascertain the existence of this substance. The most famous cation system analysis method is H2S system. In recent years, due to the use of advanced equipment, qualitative analysis has also rapidly developed together with multivariate analysis and has also become an important direction for analytical chemistry.

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Structure:
Chemical Name:
Everolimus Ring-Opening Impurity
CAS:
1708118-13-1
MF:
C53H83NO14
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Topiroxostat Impurity 6
CAS:
2044704-63-2
MF:
C7H8N4O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(3-AMinopropyl)-4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)piperazine 97%
CAS:
20529-23-1
MF:
C14H23N3O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Vardenafil Oxopiperazine (IMpurity)
CAS:
448184-58-5
MF:
C21H26N6O5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
IverMectin B1 Aglycon
CAS:
73162-95-5
MF:
C34H50O8
Structure:
Chemical Name:
9α-BroMobudesonide
CAS:
313474-59-8
MF:
C25H33BrO6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-(5-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxaMide (Zopiclone IMpurity)
CAS:
349125-10-6
MF:
C10H7ClN4O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Methyl SiMvastatin (Mixture Of DiasteroisoMers)
CAS:
774611-54-0
MF:
C26H40O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(4-Chloro-3,5-diMethylpyridin-2-yl)Methanol Hydrochloride
CAS:
143016-70-0
MF:
C8H11Cl2NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
AMoxicillin DiMer (penicilloic acid forM)
CAS:
210289-72-8
MF:
C32H40N6O11S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Desacetyl-7-ACA Lactone
CAS:
184696-69-3
MF:
C8H8N2O3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5,6-DiMethoxy-2-[(4-piperidyl)Methyl]indane Hydrochloride (Donepezil IMpurity)
CAS:
1034439-43-4
MF:
C17H26ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CarfilzoMib IMpurity
CAS:
1541171-65-6
MF:
C41H61N5O10S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
S,S-Efinaconazole
CAS:
164650-45-7
MF:
C18H22F2N4O
Chemical Name:
BendaMustine IMpurity
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Acetic acid, 2-chloro-2-[2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)hydrazinylidene]-, ethyl ester
CAS:
85014-68-2
MF:
C11H13ClN2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D-Alanine, N-[[P(S),2'R]-2'-cyano-2'-deoxy-2'-Methyl-P-phenyl-5'-cytidylyl]-, 1-Methylethyl ester
CAS:
1496552-28-3
MF:
C22H29FN3O9P
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D-Glucitol, 1,5-anhydro-1-C-[4-Methyl-3-[(5-phenyl-2-thienyl)Methyl]phenyl]-, (1S)-
CAS:
842133-16-8
MF:
C24H26O5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-(+)-Tolvaptan
CAS:
331947-66-1
MF:
C26H25ClN2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(Z)-Cefdinir
CAS:
178601-88-2
MF:
C14H13N5O5S2
Chemical Name:
Flucloxacillin impurity E
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-(4-Piperidyl)-1-butanol
CAS:
57614-92-3
MF:
C9H19NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pitavastatin Methyl Ester
CAS:
849811-78-5
MF:
C26H26FNO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Edoxaban Impurity 12 (1R,2R,4S)
CAS:
500572-10-1
MF:
C24H30ClN7O4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
paroxetine Mesylate
CAS:
217797-14-3
MF:
C20H24FNO6S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(2-Ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl Methanesulfonate
CAS:
169506-15-4
MF:
C11H16O5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethanone
CAS:
861841-94-3
MF:
C15H13NO5
Chemical Name:
acetylated penicilloic acids of piperacillin
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Atorvastatin Dehydro Lactone
CAS:
442851-50-5
MF:
C33H31FN2O3
Chemical Name:
penicilloic acids of piperacillin
Chemical Name:
RocuroniuMbroMide iMpurity B
Chemical Name:
TetrazepaM IMp. C (EP): 7-Chloro-5-cyclohexyl-1-Methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Structure:
Chemical Name:
bis(2-(7-Methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)aMine
CAS:
1623104-92-6
MF:
C26H28ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Methyl 2-oxo-3-((2'-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)Methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]iMidazole-4-carboxylate
CAS:
1403474-78-1
MF:
C24H18N4O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Thiazolylacetyl glycine oxiMe
CAS:
178949-03-6
MF:
C7H8N4O4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-O-Decladinosyl-6-O-Methylerythronolide A
CAS:
118058-74-5
MF:
C30H55NO10
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Desmethyl Ranolazine
CAS:
755711-09-2
MF:
C23H31N3O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
P-[[(1S)-2-(6-AMino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-Methylethoxy]Methyl]-phosphonic Acid Monoethyl Ester
CAS:
1255525-18-8
MF:
C11H18N5O4P
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-6,8-diMethyl-2,4,7-trioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyriMidin-5-yl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate
CAS:
871700-32-2
MF:
C25H21FIN3O6S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-(4-fluoro-3-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)benzyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one
CAS:
763111-47-3
MF:
C20H19FN4O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
DESVENLAFAXINE SUCCINATE
CAS:
448904-47-0
MF:
C20H31NO6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Posaconazole DiastereoisoMer interMediate 2
CAS:
166583-12-6
MF:
C21H21F2N3O4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Quetiapine IMpurity P (11-(4-Ethylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine fuMarate))
CAS:
1011758-03-4
MF:
C19H21N3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TaMsulosin IMpurity B
MF:
C20H28N2O5S
Chemical Name:
Ticagrelor iMpurity N
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Tirofiban IMpurity (4,4'-Dipyridyl-1,5-Pentane)
CAS:
25382-33-6
MF:
C15H18N2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Quinolinecarbonitrile,4-chloro-6-Methoxy-7-[3-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy]-
CAS:
492444-39-0
MF:
C19H23ClN4O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Phthalic acid, 3,3'-azoxydi- (8CI)
CAS:
22895-28-9
MF:
C16H10N2O9
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(alphaE)-alpha-[(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylene]-beta-oxo-1-piperidinepropanenitrile
CAS:
1150310-15-8
MF:
C15H15N3O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(2E)-2-Cyano-3-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethyl-2-propenamide
CAS:
857629-79-9
MF:
C16H19N3O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R,E)-ethyl 5-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)aMino)-2-Methylpent-2-enoate
CAS:
149709-59-1
MF:
C25H31NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-3-((S)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one
CAS:
404874-94-8
MF:
C20H20FNO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-3-((S)-5-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one
MF:
C20H21NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Apixaban Impurity 20
CAS:
1421823-20-2
MF:
C27H29ClN4O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6,8-dimethoxy-7-[(4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
CAS:
1029364-73-5
MF:
C22H27N3O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3S,5R isoMer, or (3S,5R)-7-[3-(phenylcarbaMoyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid calciuM salt
CAS:
887196-25-0
MF:
C33H34CaFN2O5+
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3'-O-(5'-Deoxy-α-D-ribofuranosyl) Capecitabine
CAS:
1262133-64-1
MF:
C20H30FN3O9
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-Chlorodescyano CitalopraM Oxalate
CAS:
64169-46-6
MF:
C21H23ClFNO5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Acyclovir N-Methyl-L-valinate Hydrochloride
CAS:
1346617-39-7
MF:
C14H23ClN6O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
rac N,N-DidesMethyl-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-O-desMethyl Venlafaxine
CAS:
1346601-21-5
MF:
C22H29NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
rac-11-Deoxy-8(12)-dehydro Misoprostol
CAS:
1331639-92-9
MF:
C22H36O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-Nitro-1H-iMidazole-1-ethanol
CAS:
5006-68-8
MF:
C5H7N3O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Hydroxy Adapalene
CAS:
1346599-76-5
MF:
C28H28O4
Chemical Name:
Iohexol related Compound I
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxybutyl)piperazine
CAS:
870765-38-1
MF:
C14H20Cl2N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,2'-Methylene Bis[Ranitidine]
CAS:
207592-21-0
MF:
C27H44N8O6S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ChloroMethyl Propyl Carbonate
CAS:
35273-90-6
MF:
C5H9ClO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-AMino-5-(trifluoroMethoxy)phenyl Thiocyanate
CAS:
1391054-04-8
MF:
C8H5F3N2OS
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Bisacodyl Related Compound B (20 mg) (2,4'-(Pyridin-2-ylmethylene)diphenol)
CAS:
16985-05-0
MF:
C18H15NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Doxepin Related Compound C (25 mg) ((E-3-(dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-N-methylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride)
CAS:
4504-96-5
MF:
C18H20ClNO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Imiquimod Related Compound B (25 mg) (1-Isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 5-oxide)
CAS:
99010-63-6
MF:
C14H15N3O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ioversol Related Compound B (50 mg) (N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbamoyl)methoxy]-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide)
CAS:
104517-96-6
MF:
C18H24I3N3O9
Structure:
Chemical Name:
IMp. H (EP): (2R)-2-[(2,2-DiMethylpropanoyl)aMino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic Acid
MF:
C16H19N3O5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Desloratadine IMpurity B
CAS:
117796-50-6
MF:
C19H19BrN2
Chemical Name:
Itraconazole IMpurity B
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Benzene, 1-(3-chloropropyl)-3-(trifluoroMethyl)-
CAS:
82258-76-2
MF:
C10H10ClF3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Methyl-N-((3S,4S)-4-Methylpiperidin-3-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyriMidin-4-aMine
CAS:
1260614-73-0
MF:
C13H19N5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(5-oxo-5H-chroMeno[2,3-b]pyridin-7-yl)propanoic acid
CAS:
52549-19-6
MF:
C15H11NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1H-BenziMidazole, 2-[[[3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]Methyl]sulfinyl]-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-
CAS:
1187926-84-6
MF:
C18H15F6N3O2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4,5-dihydro-a-(hydroxyMethyl)-a,3-diMethyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-Pyrazole-4-Methanesulfonic acid
CAS:
1242471-40-4
MF:
C13H16N2O5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
16α,17-[(1RS)-Butylidenebis(oxy)]-11β-hydroxy-17-(hydroxyMethyl)-D-hoMoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17a-dione (Mixture of DiastereoMers)
CAS:
1040085-99-1
MF:
C25H34O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
tert-butyl (1R,2S,5S)-2-aMino-5-(diMethylcarbaMoyl)cyclohexylcarbaMate
CAS:
365998-36-3
MF:
C14H27N3O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-BroMo-1-cyclopropyl-2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethanone
CAS:
1359829-72-3
MF:
C11H10BrFO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-((4-(5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)acetaMide
CAS:
198471-06-6
MF:
C18H16N2O4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutyl)aMino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxaMide
CAS:
289472-81-7
MF:
C19H24N4O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(Z)-N-(2-nitrovinyl)acetaMide
CAS:
1238305-24-2
MF:
C4H6N2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Azilsartan iMpurity
CAS:
1604812-35-2
MF:
C35H28N4O11
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Azilsartan iMpurity N
CAS:
2244031-86-3
MF:
C22H17N3O4
Chemical Name:
cefoxitin iMpurity B
Chemical Name:
pidotiMod iMpurity A
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Rivaroxaban iMpurity A
CAS:
931204-39-6
MF:
C19H20ClN3O6S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
R-7H-Pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid, 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-Methyl-10-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo- Methyl ester
CAS:
1268719-66-9
MF:
C19H22FN3O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ticagrelor Sulfone
CAS:
274693-39-9
MF:
C23H28F2N6O6S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(((3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-6-(7-aMino-5-(propylthio)-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyriMidin-3-yl)-2,2-diMethyltetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)oxy)ethanol
CAS:
1858267-99-8
MF:
C17H26N6O4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(2R,3R)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-Bis(trifluoroMethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)Morpholine
CAS:
380499-06-9
MF:
C20H18F7NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Adefovir iMpurity
CAS:
1875153-79-9
MF:
C15H24N5O6P
Chemical Name:
Anastrozole iMpurity
Chemical Name:
LevosiMendan iMpurity
CAS:
139052-02-1
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(Z)-3-((2'-(N'-hydroxycarbaMiMidoyl)biphenyl-4-yl)Methyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]iMidazole-4-carboxylic acid
CAS:
1174733-90-4
MF:
C10H14N4O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
rac Cinacalcet HCl
CAS:
1025064-33-8
MF:
C22H22F3N