Organic reagents
From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.
After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.
8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.
Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.
Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.
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- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
- CAS:
- 2150-46-1
- MF:
- C8H8O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- TETRAPROPYLAMMONIUM PERRUTHENATE
- CAS:
- 114615-82-6
- MF:
- C12H28NO4Ru
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (S)-(-)-2-BROMOPROPIONIC ACID
- CAS:
- 32644-15-8
- MF:
- C3H5BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,9-Nonanediol
- CAS:
- 3937-56-2
- MF:
- C9H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Ethylaminotoluene
- CAS:
- 94-68-8
- MF:
- C9H13N
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4'-(Trifluoromethoxy)acetophenone
- CAS:
- 85013-98-5
- MF:
- C9H7F3O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl bromofluoroacetate
- CAS:
- 401-55-8
- MF:
- C4H6BrFO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methyl (S)-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate
- CAS:
- 53562-86-0
- MF:
- C5H10O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Triphenylsilane
- CAS:
- 789-25-3
- MF:
- C18H16Si
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4,6-Trichlorophenylhydrazine
- CAS:
- 5329-12-4
- MF:
- C6H5Cl3N2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Propoxyphenol
- CAS:
- 18979-50-5
- MF:
- C9H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BENZYL AZIDE
- CAS:
- 622-79-7
- MF:
- C7H7N3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- TERT-HEXADECYL MERCAPTAN
- CAS:
- 25360-09-2
- MF:
- C16H34S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Ethoxyethyl ether
- CAS:
- 112-36-7
- MF:
- C8H18O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vinyl tris(2-methoxyethoxy) silane
- CAS:
- 1067-53-4
- MF:
- C11H24O6Si
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Hexylamine
- CAS:
- 111-26-2
- MF:
- C6H15N
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Styrene oxide
- CAS:
- 96-09-3
- MF:
- C8H8O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid
- CAS:
- 3038-48-0
- MF:
- C9H7F3O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide
- CAS:
- 85100-77-2
- MF:
- C8H15BrN2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Amino-3-bromobenzonitrile
- CAS:
- 50397-74-5
- MF:
- C7H5BrN2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Fluoro-6-nitrobenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 385-02-4
- MF:
- C7H4FNO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 5-Methoxy-2-tetralone
- CAS:
- 32940-15-1
- MF:
- C11H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-METHOXY-2-NITROBENZOIC ACID
- CAS:
- 4920-80-3
- MF:
- C8H7NO5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Fluoro-1,3-benzenediol
- CAS:
- 103068-41-3
- MF:
- C6H5FO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde
- CAS:
- 4748-78-1
- MF:
- C9H10O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Bromocinnamic acid
- CAS:
- 7345-79-1
- MF:
- C9H7BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Diacetone acrylamide
- CAS:
- 2873-97-4
- MF:
- C9H15NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Benzoylbenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 85-52-9
- MF:
- C14H10O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Tetrabutylammonium borohydride
- CAS:
- 33725-74-5
- MF:
- C16H40BN
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)propionic acid
- CAS:
- 585-50-2
- MF:
- C10H9F3O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Carbohydrazide
- CAS:
- 497-18-7
- MF:
- CH6N4O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID
- CAS:
- 6914-76-7
- MF:
- C5H8O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Biphenylcarboxylic acid
- CAS:
- 716-76-7
- MF:
- C13H10O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Benzohydroxamic acid
- CAS:
- 495-18-1
- MF:
- C7H7NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
- CAS:
- 622-78-6
- MF:
- C8H7NS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-(3-FLUOROPHENYL)PROPIONIC ACID
- CAS:
- 458-45-7
- MF:
- C9H9FO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Hydroxydiphenylamine
- CAS:
- 101-18-8
- MF:
- C12H11NO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methoxydiethylborane
- CAS:
- 7397-46-8
- MF:
- C5H13BO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-FLUORO-3-METHOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID
- CAS:
- 352303-67-4
- MF:
- C7H8BFO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Phenyl isocyanate
- CAS:
- 103-71-9
- MF:
- C7H5NO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Myristoyl chloride
- CAS:
- 112-64-1
- MF:
- C14H27ClO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
- CAS:
- 119-26-6
- MF:
- C6H6N4O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (3-Methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile
- CAS:
- 19924-43-7
- MF:
- C9H9NO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Chlorohexane
- CAS:
- 544-10-5
- MF:
- C6H13Cl
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Alizarin
- CAS:
- 72-48-0
- MF:
- C14H8O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Nitropropane
- CAS:
- 79-46-9
- MF:
- C3H7NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Methoxysalicylic acid
- CAS:
- 877-22-5
- MF:
- C8H8O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Bromo-4-methoxybenzonitrile
- CAS:
- 117572-79-9
- MF:
- C8H6BrNO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 254993-59-4
- MF:
- C7H5BClF3O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vanillin acetate
- CAS:
- 881-68-5
- MF:
- C10H10O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-FLUORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZALDEHYDE
- CAS:
- 188815-30-7
- MF:
- C8H4F4O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4,4-DIFLUOROCYCLOHEXANONE
- CAS:
- 22515-18-0
- MF:
- C6H8F2O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Vinyltrimethylsilane
- CAS:
- 754-05-2
- MF:
- C5H12Si
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3'-Acetamidoacetophenone
- CAS:
- 7463-31-2
- MF:
- C10H11NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- tert-Butyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate
- CAS:
- 98946-18-0
- MF:
- C6H10Cl3NO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Nitrosalicylic acid
- CAS:
- 619-19-2
- MF:
- C7H5NO5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (S)-(+)-1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogenphosphate
- CAS:
- 35193-64-7
- MF:
- C20H13O4P
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-(CHLOROSULFONYL)BENZOIC ACID
- CAS:
- 10130-89-9
- MF:
- C7H5ClO4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- CAS:
- 79917-90-1
- MF:
- C8H15ClN2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzonitrile
- CAS:
- 4421-08-3
- MF:
- C8H7NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Phenetole
- CAS:
- 103-73-1
- MF:
- C8H10O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 9,10-Diphenylanthracene
- CAS:
- 1499-10-1
- MF:
- C26H18
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate
- CAS:
- 614-45-9
- MF:
- C11H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate
- CAS:
- 26537-19-9
- MF:
- C12H16O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-METHOXYBENZENETHIOL
- CAS:
- 7217-59-6
- MF:
- C7H8OS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-CHLORO-4-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
- CAS:
- 3964-58-7
- MF:
- C7H5ClO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Quinic acid
- CAS:
- 77-95-2
- MF:
- C7H12O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-CHLOROBENZENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT
- CAS:
- 5138-90-9
- MF:
- C6H4ClNaO3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Mercaptosuccinic acid
- CAS:
- 70-49-5
- MF:
- C4H6O4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Acetamidothiophenol
- CAS:
- 1126-81-4
- MF:
- C8H9NOS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3,3-Diphenylpropionic acid
- CAS:
- 606-83-7
- MF:
- C15H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- m-Anisyl alcohol
- CAS:
- 6971-51-3
- MF:
- C8H10O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- P-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID (S)-2-METHYLBUTYL ESTER
- CAS:
- 38261-81-3
- MF:
- C12H18O3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-FLUORO-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZOIC ACID
- CAS:
- 115754-21-7
- MF:
- C8H4F4O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Phenyl sulfoxide
- CAS:
- 945-51-7
- MF:
- C12H10OS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Octadecyl isocyanate
- CAS:
- 112-96-9
- MF:
- C19H37NO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride
- CAS:
- 312-94-7
- MF:
- C8H4ClF3O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Methylsulfuryl chlorobenzene
- CAS:
- 98-57-7
- MF:
- C7H7ClO2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Methylthiosemicarbazide
- CAS:
- 6610-29-3
- MF:
- C2H7N3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Isopropylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 80041-89-0
- MF:
- C3H9BO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 5-Fluoro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
- CAS:
- 319-03-9
- MF:
- C8H3FO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3,4-DIMETHOXYBENZOYL CHLORIDE
- CAS:
- 3535-37-3
- MF:
- C9H9ClO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (Trifluoromethoxy)benzene
- CAS:
- 456-55-3
- MF:
- C7H5F3O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Heptafluorobutyric anhydride
- CAS:
- 336-59-4
- MF:
- C8F14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ZINC PHENOLSULFONATE
- CAS:
- 127-82-2
- MF:
- C6H6O4SZn
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Nitropropiophenone
- CAS:
- 17408-16-1
- MF:
- C9H9NO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Benzo-15-crown-5
- CAS:
- 14098-44-3
- MF:
- C14H20O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-PHENYL-2-PROPYN-1-OL
- CAS:
- 1504-58-1
- MF:
- C9H8O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylhydrazine hydrochloride
- CAS:
- 3107-33-3
- MF:
- C7H8ClF3N2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid
- CAS:
- 1703-58-8
- MF:
- C8H10O8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
- CAS:
- 112-15-2
- MF:
- C8H16O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Acetamidophenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 101251-09-6
- MF:
- C8H10BNO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,3-DICHLOROTHIOPHENOL
- CAS:
- 17231-95-7
- MF:
- C6H4Cl2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4,4'-DICHLORODIPHENYL DISULFIDE
- CAS:
- 1142-19-4
- MF:
- C12H8Cl2S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl 1-methylpipecolinate
- CAS:
- 30727-18-5
- MF:
- C9H17NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Pentanone
- CAS:
- 96-22-0
- MF:
- C5H10O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Methyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione
- CAS:
- 765-69-5
- MF:
- C6H8O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-METHOXYBENZYL MERCAPTAN
- CAS:
- 6258-60-2
- MF:
- C8H10OS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Cyanophenylhydrazine hydrochloride
- CAS:
- 2863-98-1
- MF:
- C7H8ClN3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (2-Methoxyphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride
- CAS:
- 6971-45-5
- MF:
- C8H14Cl2N2O