Organic reagents
From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.
After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.
8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.
Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.
Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.
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- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Methylbenzyl chloride
- CAS:
- 104-82-5
- MF:
- C8H9Cl
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Sodium hydrogen piperazine-1,4-diethanesulphonate
- CAS:
- 10010-67-0
- MF:
- C8H19N2NaO6S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Bromobenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 88-65-3
- MF:
- C7H5BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
- CAS:
- 501-97-3
- MF:
- C9H10O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate
- CAS:
- 611-10-9
- MF:
- C8H12O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Benzylhydrazine
- CAS:
- 555-96-4
- MF:
- C7H10N2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 107099-99-0
- MF:
- C8H11BO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Methylnicotinic acid
- CAS:
- 3222-56-8
- MF:
- C7H7NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 9-FLUORENONE HYDRAZONE
- CAS:
- 13629-22-6
- MF:
- C13H10N2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3,3',4,4'-Biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride
- CAS:
- 2420-87-3
- MF:
- C16H6O6
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde
- CAS:
- 67515-60-0
- MF:
- C8H4F4O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Ethoxyphenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 22237-13-4
- MF:
- C8H11BO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Diphenyl sulfide
- CAS:
- 139-66-2
- MF:
- C12H10S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Diphenyldimethoxysilane
- CAS:
- 6843-66-9
- MF:
- C14H16O2Si
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,5-Dichlorobenzaldehyde
- CAS:
- 6361-23-5
- MF:
- C7H4Cl2O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methyl glycolate
- CAS:
- 96-35-5
- MF:
- C3H6O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Di-tert-butyl iminodicarboxylate
- CAS:
- 51779-32-9
- MF:
- C10H19NO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,3-Acetonedicarboxylic acid
- CAS:
- 542-05-2
- MF:
- C5H6O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Ketoglutaric acid
- CAS:
- 328-50-7
- MF:
- C5H6O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Anthraquinonesulfonic acid sodium salt
- CAS:
- 128-56-3
- MF:
- C14H9NaO5S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Pinacol
- CAS:
- 76-09-5
- MF:
- C6H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ETHYL THIOGLYCOLATE
- CAS:
- 623-51-8
- MF:
- C4H8O2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Chlorodifluoroacetic acid
- CAS:
- 76-04-0
- MF:
- C2HClF2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3'-Hydroxyacetophenone
- CAS:
- 121-71-1
- MF:
- C8H8O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3,3-Dimethylbutyric acid
- CAS:
- 1070-83-3
- MF:
- C6H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3',4'-DICHLOROACETOPHENONE
- CAS:
- 2642-63-9
- MF:
- C8H6Cl2O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Methyl-3-oxetanemethanol
- CAS:
- 3143-02-0
- MF:
- C5H10O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,2'-Dithiosalicylic acid
- CAS:
- 119-80-2
- MF:
- C14H10O4S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DL-Phenylsuccinic acid
- CAS:
- 635-51-8
- MF:
- C10H10O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Dimethyl oxalate
- CAS:
- 553-90-2
- MF:
- C4H6O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-tert-Butylphenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 123324-71-0
- MF:
- C10H15BO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,3-Propane sultone
- CAS:
- 1120-71-4
- MF:
- C3H6O3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-PYRIDYLTHIOUREA
- CAS:
- 14294-11-2
- MF:
- C6H7N3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Adamantanemethanol
- CAS:
- 770-71-8
- MF:
- C11H18O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Fluoro-4-nitrotoluene
- CAS:
- 446-34-4
- MF:
- C7H6FNO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE
- CAS:
- 38985-72-7
- MF:
- C7H8FN3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 3970-35-2
- MF:
- C7H4ClNO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Bromobenzyl alcohol
- CAS:
- 15852-73-0
- MF:
- C7H7BrO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Isopropylbenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 536-66-3
- MF:
- C10H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-(Methylthio)phenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 98546-51-1
- MF:
- C7H9BO2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Bromo-3-methylbenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 7697-28-1
- MF:
- C8H7BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Bromobenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 586-76-5
- MF:
- C7H5BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Formylphenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 87199-17-5
- MF:
- C7H7BO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Ethoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 4334-88-7
- MF:
- C9H11BO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,4-Butane sultone
- CAS:
- 1633-83-6
- MF:
- C4H8O3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (R)-(+)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethylamine
- CAS:
- 22038-86-4
- MF:
- C9H13NO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,4-Phenylenediacetic acid
- CAS:
- 7325-46-4
- MF:
- C10H10O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Trimethylsilyl cyanide
- CAS:
- 7677-24-9
- MF:
- C4H9NSi
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4'-DIHYDROXYDIPHENYL SULFONE
- CAS:
- 5397-34-2
- MF:
- C12H10O4S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,6-Dichlorobenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 50-30-6
- MF:
- C7H4Cl2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- METHYL TRIFLUOROPYRUVATE
- CAS:
- 13089-11-7
- MF:
- C4H3F3O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,3-dimethylphenol
- CAS:
- 526-75-0
- MF:
- C8H10O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Thiopheneacetic acid
- CAS:
- 6964-21-2
- MF:
- C6H6O2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Bromo-2-methoxyethane
- CAS:
- 6482-24-2
- MF:
- C3H7BrO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl nitroacetate
- CAS:
- 626-35-7
- MF:
- C4H7NO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ANTHRAQUINONE-2,7-DISULFONIC ACID DISODIUM SALT
- CAS:
- 853-67-8
- MF:
- C14H9NaO8S2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Guanidine carbonate
- CAS:
- 593-85-1
- MF:
- C2H7N3O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 9-Anthracenemethanol
- CAS:
- 1468-95-7
- MF:
- C15H12O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,6-Dibromophenol
- CAS:
- 608-33-3
- MF:
- C6H4Br2O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl 4-bromobenzoate
- CAS:
- 5798-75-4
- MF:
- C9H9BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 5-Chloro-2-nitrobenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 2516-95-2
- MF:
- C7H4ClNO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoyl chloride
- CAS:
- 94695-48-4
- MF:
- C7HClF4O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl isobutyrylacetate
- CAS:
- 7152-15-0
- MF:
- C8H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl oxalyl monochloride
- CAS:
- 4755-77-5
- MF:
- C4H5ClO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzoic acid
- CAS:
- 403-24-7
- MF:
- C7H4FNO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4-BIS(ALPHA,ALPHA-DIMETHYLBENZYL)PHENOL
- CAS:
- 2772-45-4
- MF:
- C24H26O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate
- CAS:
- 429-42-5
- MF:
- C16H36BF4N
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 5-BROMO-2-METHOXYPHENYLACETIC ACID
- CAS:
- 7017-48-3
- MF:
- C9H9BrO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Bis-(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide
- CAS:
- 27206-35-5
- MF:
- C6H15NaO6S4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Mesitaldehyde
- CAS:
- 487-68-3
- MF:
- C10H12O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Phthalimide
- CAS:
- 85-41-6
- MF:
- C8H5NO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Naphthaleneboronic acid
- CAS:
- 32316-92-0
- MF:
- C10H9BO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 5-Chloro-2-pentanone
- CAS:
- 5891-21-4
- MF:
- C5H9ClO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid
- CAS:
- 454-92-2
- MF:
- C8H5F3O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Chloroanisole
- CAS:
- 623-12-1
- MF:
- C7H7ClO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid
- CAS:
- 14047-29-1
- MF:
- C7H7BO4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1,8-Dibromooctane
- CAS:
- 4549-32-0
- MF:
- C8H16Br2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (3-BROMOBENZYL)METHYLAMINE
- CAS:
- 67344-77-8
- MF:
- C8H10BrN
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Ethyl 2-bromopropionate
- CAS:
- 535-11-5
- MF:
- C5H9BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone
- CAS:
- 719-59-5
- MF:
- C13H10ClNO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-FLUOROTHIOPHENOL
- CAS:
- 2557-78-0
- MF:
- C6H5FS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Pentyn-1-ol
- CAS:
- 5390-04-5
- MF:
- C5H8O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,6-Dimethylbenzaldehyde
- CAS:
- 1123-56-4
- MF:
- C9H10O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid
- CAS:
- 1798-09-0
- MF:
- C9H10O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Benzyloxyethanol
- CAS:
- 622-08-2
- MF:
- C9H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Aminobenzeneboronic acid
- CAS:
- 30418-59-8
- MF:
- C6H8BNO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,4-Difluorobenzylamine
- CAS:
- 72235-52-0
- MF:
- C7H7F2N
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-Amino-3-methylphenol
- CAS:
- 2835-99-6
- MF:
- C7H9NO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Fluoro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
- CAS:
- 394-50-3
- MF:
- C7H5FO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- N-BENZYLIDENEMETHYLAMINE
- CAS:
- 622-29-7
- MF:
- C8H9N
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate
- CAS:
- 17341-93-4
- MF:
- C3H2Cl4O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Cyclohexenecarboxylic acid
- CAS:
- 4771-80-6
- MF:
- C7H10O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- METHYL 4-BROMO-3-HYDROXYBENZOATE
- CAS:
- 106291-80-9
- MF:
- C8H7BrO3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Indene
- CAS:
- 95-13-6
- MF:
- C9H8
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Boc-3-Cyanoazetidine
- CAS:
- 142253-54-1
- MF:
- C9H14N2O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
- CAS:
- 81290-20-2
- MF:
- C4H9F3Si
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4'-Hydroxy-4-biphenylcarboxylic acid
- CAS:
- 58574-03-1
- MF:
- C13H10O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-tert-Butylcatechol
- CAS:
- 98-29-3
- MF:
- C10H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methyl 2-cyclopentanonecarboxylate
- CAS:
- 10472-24-9
- MF:
- C7H10O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- N-(Hydroxymethyl)phthalimide
- CAS:
- 118-29-6
- MF:
- C9H7NO3