Carboxylic acids and esters
Carboxylic acid is also known as "organic acid". It refers to the general term of the organic compound formed through the combination between hydrocarbon group and carboxyl group with the general formula being RCOOH.It is mostly in the form of an ester to be widespread in nature. Based on the hydrocarbon structure, it is divided into: 1 aliphatic carboxylic acid: it is formed through connection between aliphatic hydrocarbon group and carboxyl group, such as acetic acid CH3COOH. 2 aromatic carboxylic acids: it is formed through the connection between aromatic rings with a carboxyl group, such as benzoic acid C6H5-COOH. 3 cyclic acid; it is formed through the connection between carboxyl group and cyclic hydrocarbon group such as cyclohexane carboxylic acid. 4 saturated carboxylic acids: it refers to saturated hydrocarbon-containing acids, such as butyric acid CH3CH2CH2COOH. 5 unsaturated carboxylic: acids; it refers to acid containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon group such as acrylic acid CH2 = CHCOOH.
Based on the number of carboxyl groups contained in the molecules, it can be divided into monobasic acid, dibasic acids and poly-acids. Those which have substituents groups contained inside the hydrocarbon are called as "substituted carboxylic acid." Saturated mono-carboxylic acids containing one to nine carbon atoms inside the molecule appear as liquid while those containing more than ten carbon atoms appear as solid while aromatic carboxylic acids and saturated dicarboxylic acids both appear as solid. Carboxylic acids have weak acidicity, and have been largely applied to the manufacturing of esters, acyl chlorides, amides and anhydrides, with reduction of the carboxylic acid yielding the corresponding alcohol. A large number of carboxylic acids have widely applied to dyes, rubber, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, cosmetics, light industry and other industries.
Esters spices refer to the ester compound synthesized through the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids. It is a very important large class in spice. Depending on the raw materials used in the synthesis, it can be roughly divided into: aliphatic carboxylates, aromatic carboxylate ester, alkene & alkyne unsaturated bond-containing carboxylic acid ester, and other esters.
The main features of ester series spices are: carboxylic ester can be taken as the product of the substitution of the hydroxy group in acid with alkoxy group. Because the hydroxyl group contained in a carboxyl group may be substituted with one or more alkoxy groups, thus leading to the synthesis of monoester, diester or polyesters. Furthermore, there may also be several hydroxy groups contained in the alcohols, and therefore its alkoxy groups can be connected with one or more carboxyl groups to yield mono- or carboxylate. The aroma, fragrance type, fragrance intensity and features are all related to the structure of the esters. The esters formed through low-grade carboxylic acid and low grade alcohol generally appear as volatile liquid with aroma of flowers, fruit and grass. The ester formed between low grade carboxylic acid and low grade terpene has flower aroma. Esters containing aromatic groups mostly have flower aroma. Esters results from aromatic acids and aromatic alcohols, although with not very strong aroma, has relative higher boiling points and long-lasting aroma. Esters spices are widely distributed in nature with existence in plant roots, stems, leaves, fruits, seeds, bark, flowers and other parts as well as in the secretion products of some animals. There are even more kinds of artificially synthetic ester spices. Because of the easy process of synthesis of esters and the wide source of raw materials, there are many fragrance types for the synthetic esters; the price is also low, and therefore they have achieved widely applications.
Fatty acid esters spices occupy an important status in the fragrance industry, which is characterized by variety, easy synthesis and low prices, and it has been widely used in daily flavor, food flavor as well as industrial flavor. The mainly preparation methods include the esterification reaction between alcohol and fatty acid, the reaction between alcohol and acid anhydride, the reaction between acyl chloride and alcohol, interchange reaction of ester and the reaction between carboxylic acid salt and alkyl halide.
The aromatic esters spices mainly include benzoate, phenylacetic acid ester, cinnamic acid ester and salicylic acid esters. Methods of synthesizing mainly include esterification between alcohol and aromatic acids, reaction between alcohol and benzoyl chloride, ester exchange reaction as well as the reaction between alkyl halide and aromatic acid salt. They play an important role in the daily flavors and edible flavors.
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- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Allyl (3-methylbutoxy)acetate
- CAS:
- 67634-00-8
- MF:
- C10H18O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Dihydroactinidiolide
- CAS:
- 17092-92-1
- MF:
- C11H16O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALLYL BUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 2051-78-7
- MF:
- C7H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BENZYL ISOVALERATE
- CAS:
- 103-38-8
- MF:
- C12H16O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- P-TOLYL ISOBUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 103-93-5
- MF:
- C11H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- TRANS-2-HEXENYL BUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 53398-83-7
- MF:
- C10H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 2079
- CAS:
- 638-25-5
- MF:
- C13H26O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BUTYL VALERATE
- CAS:
- 591-68-4
- MF:
- C9H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 4-METHYLNONANOIC ACID
- CAS:
- 45019-28-1
- MF:
- C10H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (S)-Isobutyl-2-chloropropanoate
- CAS:
- 83261-15-8
- MF:
- C7H13ClO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CITRONELLYL BUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 141-16-2
- MF:
- C14H26O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ISOAMYL LAURATE
- CAS:
- 6309-51-9
- MF:
- C17H34O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ACETOACETIC ACID N-BUTYL ESTER
- CAS:
- 591-60-6
- MF:
- C8H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methyl 2-hexenoate
- CAS:
- 2396-77-2
- MF:
- C7H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CIS-3-HEXENYL CIS-3-HEXENOATE
- CAS:
- 61444-38-0
- MF:
- C12H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BENZYL TIGLATE
- CAS:
- 37526-88-8
- MF:
- C12H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Diethyl malate
- CAS:
- 7554-12-3
- MF:
- C8H14O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 3148
- CAS:
- 3025-30-7
- MF:
- C12H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- LINALYL PROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 144-39-8
- MF:
- C13H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BUTYL HEPTANOATE
- CAS:
- 5454-28-4
- MF:
- C11H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Geranyl tiglate
- CAS:
- 7785-33-3
- MF:
- C15H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- METHYL 2-BROMOOCTANOATE
- CAS:
- 5445-22-7
- MF:
- C9H17BrO2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Isopropyl tiglate
- CAS:
- 1733-25-1
- MF:
- C8H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 3632
- CAS:
- 24817-51-4
- MF:
- C13H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Cinnamic acid
- CAS:
- 621-82-9
- MF:
- C9H8O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- HEXYL TIGLATE
- CAS:
- 16930-96-4
- MF:
- C11H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-Phenylpropyl acetate
- CAS:
- 10402-52-5
- MF:
- C11H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 3354
- CAS:
- 19089-92-0
- MF:
- C10H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CITRONELLYL FORMATE
- CAS:
- 105-85-1
- MF:
- C11H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (-)-DIHYDROCARVYL ACETATE
- CAS:
- 20777-49-5
- MF:
- C12H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Mercaptohexyl acetate
- CAS:
- 136954-20-6
- MF:
- C8H16O2S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- (-)-CARVYL PROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 97-45-0
- MF:
- C13H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 2860
- CAS:
- 94-47-3
- MF:
- C15H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Isobornyl propanoate
- CAS:
- 2756-56-1
- MF:
- C13H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- LINALYL BENZOATE
- CAS:
- 126-64-7
- MF:
- C17H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- PHENETHYL SALICYLATE
- CAS:
- 87-22-9
- MF:
- C15H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Bornyl acetate
- CAS:
- 76-49-3
- MF:
- C12H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-PROPENAL, 3-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-,(2E)
- CAS:
- 56578-35-9
- MF:
- C10H10O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Allyl cyclohexyloxyacetate
- CAS:
- 68901-15-5
- MF:
- C11H18O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- NERYL ISOBUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 2345-24-6
- MF:
- C14H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALLYL ISOVALERATE
- CAS:
- 2835-39-4
- MF:
- C8H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ISOBUTYL TIGLATE
- CAS:
- 61692-84-0
- MF:
- C9H16O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- GERANYL ISOBUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 2345-26-8
- MF:
- C14H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-PROPENAL, 3-(3-METHYLPHENYL)-,(2E)
- CAS:
- 93614-80-3
- MF:
- C10H10O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Propyl heptanoate
- CAS:
- 7778-87-2
- MF:
- C10H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- TETRAHYDROFURFURYL BUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 2217-33-6
- MF:
- C9H16O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- METHYL 3-(FURFURYLTHIO)PROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 94278-26-9
- MF:
- C9H12O3S
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Pmk glycidate
- CAS:
- 13605-48-6
- MF:
- C12H12O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 2-BROMOCINNAMALDEHYDE
- CAS:
- 138555-58-5
- MF:
- C9H7BrO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Benyl propionic methyl ester
- CAS:
- 29417-83-2
- MF:
- C11H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Diethyl(phenylacetyl)malonate
- CAS:
- 20320-59-6
- MF:
- C15H18O5
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Bromocinnamaldehyde
- CAS:
- 97985-66-5
- MF:
- C9H7BrO
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 1-Acetylimidazole
- CAS:
- 2466-76-4
- MF:
- C5H6N2O
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Isooctyl acetate
- CAS:
- 31565-19-2
- MF:
- C10H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- OCTYL FORMATE
- CAS:
- 112-32-3
- MF:
- C9H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- LINALYL CINNAMATE
- CAS:
- 78-37-5
- MF:
- C19H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Bornyl isovalerate
- CAS:
- 76-50-6
- MF:
- C15H26O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- N-CAPRYLIC ACID ISOBUTYL ESTER
- CAS:
- 5461-06-3
- MF:
- C12H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- OCTYL ISOBUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 109-15-9
- MF:
- C12H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- RHODINYL ACETATE
- CAS:
- 141-11-7
- MF:
- C12H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- L-Menthyl lactate
- CAS:
- 61597-98-6
- MF:
- C13H24O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- MYRISTIC ACID ISOBUTYL ESTER
- CAS:
- 25263-97-2
- MF:
- C18H36O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BUTYL UNDECYLENATE
- CAS:
- 109-42-2
- MF:
- C15H28O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALLYL CAPRYLATE
- CAS:
- 4230-97-1
- MF:
- C11H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 3710
- CAS:
- 13481-87-3
- MF:
- C10H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ISOAMYL SALICYLATE
- CAS:
- 34377-38-3
- MF:
- C12H16O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Methyl hex-3-enoate
- CAS:
- 2396-78-3
- MF:
- C7H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- GERANYL PHENYLACETATE
- CAS:
- 102-22-7
- MF:
- C18H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Furfuryl pentanoate
- CAS:
- 36701-01-6
- MF:
- C10H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DELTA-DODECANOLACTONE
- CAS:
- 16429-21-3
- MF:
- C12H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ANGELIC ACID ISOAMYL ESTER
- CAS:
- 10482-55-0
- MF:
- C10H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 2302
- CAS:
- 140-27-2
- MF:
- C14H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ETHYL TRANS-4-DECENOATE
- CAS:
- 76649-16-6
- MF:
- C12H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CINNAMYL FORMATE
- CAS:
- 104-65-4
- MF:
- C10H10O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- LINALYL ISOBUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 78-35-3
- MF:
- C14H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALLYL SORBATE
- CAS:
- 7493-75-6
- MF:
- C9H12O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- trans-p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde
- CAS:
- 24680-50-0
- MF:
- C10H10O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ISOBUTYL ANGELATE
- CAS:
- 7779-81-9
- MF:
- C9H16O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- PHENOXYETHYL PROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 23495-12-7
- MF:
- C11H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALLYL PROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 2408-20-0
- MF:
- C6H10O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- 3-Hydroxyhexanoic Acid Methyl Ester
- CAS:
- 21188-58-9
- MF:
- C7H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- L-BORNYL ACETATE
- CAS:
- 20347-65-3
- MF:
- C12H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ISOBUTYL VINYLACETATE
- CAS:
- 24342-03-8
- MF:
- C8H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ETHYL PROPIONYL PYRUVATE
- CAS:
- 13246-52-1
- MF:
- C8H12O4
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- OCTYL PROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 142-60-9
- MF:
- C11H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- FEMA 2535
- CAS:
- 4112-89-4
- MF:
- C15H14O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- Menthyl isovalerate
- CAS:
- 16409-46-4
- MF:
- C15H28O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- HEPTYL FORMATE
- CAS:
- 112-23-2
- MF:
- C8H16O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALLYL THIOPROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 41820-22-8
- MF:
- C6H10OS
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ALLYL 2-FUROATE
- CAS:
- 4208-49-5
- MF:
- C8H8O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- LINALYL BUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 78-36-4
- MF:
- C14H24O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ANISYL PHENYLACETATE
- CAS:
- 102-17-0
- MF:
- C16H16O3
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ETHYL 4-PHENYLBUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 10031-93-3
- MF:
- C12H16O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CITRONELLYL ISOBUTYRATE
- CAS:
- 97-89-2
- MF:
- C14H26O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- DIHYDROMYRCENYL ACETATE
- CAS:
- 53767-93-4
- MF:
- C12H22O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- BUTYL-2-METHYLVALERATE
- CAS:
- 6297-41-2
- MF:
- C10H20O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- CITRONELLYL VALERATE
- CAS:
- 7540-53-6
- MF:
- C15H28O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- HERBAL PROPIONATE
- CAS:
- 17511-60-3
- MF:
- C13H18O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ISOPROPYL PHENYLACETATE
- CAS:
- 4861-85-2
- MF:
- C11H14O2
- Structure:
- Chemical Name:
- ETHYL ACETOACETATE PROPYLENE GLYCOL KETAL
- CAS:
- 6290-17-1
- MF:
- C9H16O4