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Analytical Chemistry

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Analytical chemistry is the subject for the method and basic principle of studying and identifying of the composition, status, structure of matter as well as determination of related content. It is an important branch of chemistry subject. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in not only its own development but also in various fields related to the chemistry. We can say that all the practice of any human activity involving chemical phenomena is inseparable from analytical chemistry. Now, people have developed various kinds of different analytical methods, which can be classified based on an analysis task, analysis object, the basis of the analysis, requirement of the analysis and sample dosage.

According to the analysis tasks, it can be divided into qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structural analysis. Task of qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, radicals, functional groups or compounds that constituting the substances; the task of the quantitative analysis is to determine the content of the related components in the sample; the task of structural analysis is to study the molecular structure or crystal structure of the material.

(1) According to the analysis objects, it can be divided into organic and inorganic analysis; the object for the inorganic analysis is inorganic substance; the object of organic analysis is organic substance. In the inorganic analysis, it is generally required to determine what elements, ions, radicals or compounds that constitutes the sample and measure the percentage of each component; and sometimes it is also necessary for determination of the crystal structure; in the organic analysis, it not only requires the identification of the constituent elements, but also, more importantly, should do the structure analysis and functional group analysis.
(2) According to whether the analysis is based on the physical properties or chemical properties of the substance, it can be divided into instrumental analysis and chemical analysis. Depending on the specific requirements, it can be divided into routine analysis, rapid analysis and arbitration Analysis. Routine analysis refers to the general daily laboratory production analysis, also known as conventional analysis; rapid analysis is a kind of routine analysis and is mainly applied to the control of the production process, demanding the report of the results in the shortest possible time with the error generally being allowed to be greater; arbitration analysis is needed when there is controversy in the analysis results from different institute, demanding related department to conduct accurate analysis using specific method in order to determine the accuracy of the results of the original analysis.
(3) According to the amount of the sample, it can be generally divided into constant (> 0.1g), semi-micro (0.01 ~ 0.1g) and trace (1 ~ 10mg) analysis.
(4) In the inorganic qualitative chemical analysis, people generally apply semi-micro method while people generally apply constant analysis in the quantitative chemical analysis. According to the relative amounts of the analyzed components contained in the sample, it is also roughly divided into constant component analysis (> 1%), minor component analysis (0.01 to 1%) and trace components analysis (<0.01%). For the analysis of some trace amount of components contained in some kinds of complicated mixture and some substances, it is necessary to perform separation and enrichment. This produces a series of separation techniques, such as extraction, distillation, ion exchange, chromatography, sedimentation and flotation separation, these chemical separation techniques are an integral part of the analysis.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Analytical Chemistry is briefly referred to environmental analysis. It is a kind of subject to study the types, components of pollutants in the environment as well as how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical contaminants in the environment. It is a branch of environmental chemistry.

Environmental analytical chemistry emerged, developed and improved during the process of solving environmental problems. In 1950s, the public nuisance disease occurred in Japan had alerted the whole world. In order to find the cause of public nuisance disease, after experiencing as long as 11 years, later, the chemists of environmental analysis had applied light spectrum and identified that the river in Itai-itai disease area contained harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and so on. Further by means of tracking element analysis of the soil and food in the disease area, people had found high lead and cadmium content. Later, people had further conducted spectral quantitative analysis on the body and bone of the patients in the disease area and found that the bone ashes contained alarmingly high content of zinc, lead and cadmium. To determine the causative agent, people further incorporated zinc, lead and cadmium into the food for feeding animals and conduct trace elemental analysis for animals and confirmed the serious harm of cadmium on the bone, revealing the cause of the Itai-itai disease. The development of modern science, especially the development of modern chemistry, physics, mathematics, electronics, biology, as well as the emergence of accurate, reliable, sensitive, selective, rapid, simple environmental pollution analysis technology and automation equipment, has been resulting in the maturation of environmental analytical chemistry. Environmental analytical chemistry now has penetrated into all areas of the entire environmental science subject. It is the most effective means of access to environmental information quality.
The objects of the environmental analytical chemistry research are quite complicated, including air, water, soil, sediment, minerals, waste, animals, plants, food, and human tissue. The content of chemical elements or compound to be determined in the environmental analytic chemistry is very low, with the absolute content being within the level of 10-6 to 10-12 grams.


The analysis technology in the environmental analytical chemistry is developing towards the direction of continuous automation, computerization and joint combination of various methods and instruments. Currently applied automatic analysis methods include colorimetric analysis, ion selective electrode, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, polarography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. Laser, as the light source of analytical chemistry technique, has also been applied. Since the laser analysis has properties of high resolution, high sensitivity, long-range and short-term, the laser technology will play a pivotal role in the development of environmental analytical chemistry.

With the deepened development of environmental science, environmental analytical chemistry is often demanded for trace levels and ultra-trace-level detection and analysis, therefore, high sensitivity. Thus study of analysis methods of high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid trace and ultra trace will become the major development direction for environmental analysis in the near future.

Qualitative Analysis of Chemistry
Qualitative analytic chemistry is the subject to identify the chemical elements and atoms groups contained in the sample. It is a branch subject of the analysis chemistry. Its purpose is to ascertain the chemical composition of the research object (specimen).
The major research content of the qualitative analytic chemistry includes:

1 the tested samples were analyzed separately. Namely take part of the sample and use exclusive reaction to detect a desire detection component.
2 systematic analysis of the samples. This means successively apply a few selective reactions for gradual separation of the ions followed by separation of each group until separating to only one substance and finally apply confirming reaction to ascertain the existence of this substance. The most famous cation system analysis method is H2S system. In recent years, due to the use of advanced equipment, qualitative analysis has also rapidly developed together with multivariate analysis and has also become an important direction for analytical chemistry.

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Structure:
Chemical Name:
Eprinomectin
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123997-26-2
MF:
C50H75NO14
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Chemical Name:
Tetrapropylammonium bisulfate
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56211-70-2
MF:
C12H29NO4S
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Gabapentin-lactam
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64744-50-9
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C9H15NO
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Chemical Name:
Ascomycin
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104987-12-4
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C43H69NO12
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Lynestrenol
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52-76-6
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C20H28O
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Chemical Name:
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9-methylcarbazol-4-one
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27387-31-1
MF:
C13H13NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide
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360-97-4
MF:
C4H6N4O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Isatin
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91-56-5
MF:
C8H5NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine
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32943-25-2
MF:
C14H12ClN
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin
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6440-58-0
MF:
C7H12N2O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride
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16015-69-3
MF:
C11H14ClF3N2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3,5-Dimethylpyrazole
CAS:
67-51-6
MF:
C5H8N2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Bromo-4'-methoxyacetophenone
CAS:
2632-13-5
MF:
C9H9BrO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Di-n-butyl ether
CAS:
142-96-1
MF:
C8H18O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
GLYCERIN BASE
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77944-79-7
MF:
C3H8O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
7-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3,4-triazaindolizine
CAS:
2503-56-2
MF:
C6H6N4O
Chemical Name:
Olive oil
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8001-25-0
MF:
N/A
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ferene disodium salt
CAS:
79551-14-7
MF:
C16H8N4Na2O8S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Dexpanthenol
CAS:
81-13-0
MF:
C9H19NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine
CAS:
1836-62-0
MF:
C9H13NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-(+)-ALPHA-METHOXY-ALPHA-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYLACETYL CHLORIDE
CAS:
20445-33-4
MF:
C10H8ClF3O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4'-(2-Methylpropyl)acetophenone
CAS:
38861-78-8
MF:
C12H16O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-(+)-1-Phenylethyl isocyanate
CAS:
33375-06-3
MF:
C9H9NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Oleamide
CAS:
301-02-0
MF:
C18H35NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde
CAS:
1192-58-1
MF:
C6H7NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-Octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid
CAS:
80875-98-5
MF:
C9H15NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-Methoxyisophthalic acid
CAS:
2206-43-1
MF:
C9H8O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Benzylpiperazine dihydrochloride
CAS:
5321-63-1
MF:
C11H18Cl2N2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5,5-DIMETHYL-1-PYRROLINE N-OXIDE
CAS:
3317-61-1
MF:
C6H11NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Butyl-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzofuran
CAS:
52490-15-0
MF:
C19H18O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine hydrochloride
CAS:
65369-76-8
MF:
C10H14Cl2N2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Chlorothioxanthone
CAS:
86-39-5
MF:
C13H7ClOS
Structure:
Chemical Name:
POTASSIUM TETRABORATE TETRAHYDRATE
CAS:
12045-78-2
MF:
B4H8K2O11
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
CAS:
80-73-9
MF:
C5H10N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
6-CHLORO-1,3-BENZOXAZOL-2(3H)-ONE
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19932-84-4
MF:
C7H4ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-(Isoxazol-5-yl)sulphanilamide
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7758-79-4
MF:
C9H9N3O3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE
CAS:
520-85-4
MF:
C22H32O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Isoxepac
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55453-87-7
MF:
C16H12O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,3-Dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-indole-2-one
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139122-19-3
MF:
C10H11NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Ethoxy-4-ethoxycarbonyl phenylacetic acid
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99469-99-5
MF:
C13H16O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FERROCENEACETIC ACID
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1287-16-7
MF:
C12H12FeO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-methyleneindoline
CAS:
118-12-7
MF:
C12H15N
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,5-Diphenyloxazole
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92-71-7
MF:
C15H11NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Isopropylthioxanthone
CAS:
5495-84-1
MF:
C16H14OS
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ciclesonide
CAS:
126544-47-6
MF:
C32H44O7
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FORMATE ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARD
CAS:
24203-36-9
MF:
CH2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol
CAS:
24155-42-8
MF:
C11H10Cl2N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Heptafluorobutyrylimidazole
CAS:
32477-35-3
MF:
C7H3F7N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Docosahexaenoic Acid
CAS:
6217-54-5
MF:
C22H32O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ketamine hydrochloride
CAS:
1867-66-9
MF:
C13H16ClNO.ClH
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Chloroauric acid
CAS:
16903-35-8
MF:
AuCl4H
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-ACETAMIDO-5-NITROTHIAZOLE
CAS:
140-40-9
MF:
C5H5N3O3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Octyl-1-dodecanol
CAS:
5333-42-6
MF:
C20H42O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pamoic acid
CAS:
130-85-8
MF:
C23H16O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,3-Dichlorotoluene
CAS:
32768-54-0
MF:
C7H6Cl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
RONIDAZOLE
CAS:
7681-76-7
MF:
C6H8N4O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
m-Toluidine
CAS:
108-44-1
MF:
C7H9N
Chemical Name:
Linseed oil
CAS:
8001-26-1
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Methyl pyrrole
CAS:
96-54-8
MF:
C5H7N
Structure:
Chemical Name:
trans-4-Isopropylcyclohexane carboxylic acid
CAS:
7077-05-6
MF:
C10H18O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
A23187
CAS:
52665-69-7
MF:
C29H37N3O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-desalkylflurazepam
CAS:
2886-65-9
MF:
C15H10ClFN2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-(-)-1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine
CAS:
10420-89-0
MF:
C12H13N
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Carbethoxy-4-piperidone
CAS:
29976-53-2
MF:
C8H13NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Naphazoline nitrate
CAS:
5144-52-5
MF:
C14H15N3O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R,R)-2,3-Butanediol
CAS:
24347-58-8
MF:
C4H10O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Rafoxanide
CAS:
22662-39-1
MF:
C19H11Cl2I2NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
HEMATOXYLIN
CAS:
1412-19-7
MF:
C16H14O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2'H-Androst-2-eno[3,2-c]pyrazol-5'(1'H)-one, 17-hydroxy-17-(methyl-d3)-, (5α,17β)- (9CI)
CAS:
170082-17-4
MF:
C21H32N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
DL-10-CAMPHORSULFONIC ACID
CAS:
5872-08-2
MF:
C10H16O4S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Butyl-3-(3,5-Diiodo-4-hydroxy benzoyl) benzofuran
CAS:
1951-26-4
MF:
C19H16I2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(1R,2S)-rel-2-(Aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide hydrochloride
CAS:
101152-94-7
MF:
C15H23ClN2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pleuromulin
CAS:
125-65-5
MF:
C22H34O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Pyrrolidinone
CAS:
616-45-5
MF:
C4H7NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L(-)-2-Octanol
CAS:
5978-70-1
MF:
C8H18O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
OUABAIN OCTAHYDRATE
CAS:
11018-89-6
MF:
C29H60O20
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)indolin-2-one
CAS:
15362-40-0
MF:
C14H9Cl2NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Fosphenytoin sodium
CAS:
92134-98-0
MF:
C16H16N2NaO6P
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Oxipurinol
CAS:
2465-59-0
MF:
C5H4N4O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
STREPTAVIDIN
CAS:
9013-20-1
MF:
C14H17BrClNO2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-(+)-5-OXOTETRAHYDROFURAN-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID
CAS:
21461-84-7
MF:
C5H6O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-Methylaminophenol sulfate
CAS:
55-55-0
MF:
C7H11NO5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pentachloroaniline
CAS:
527-20-8
MF:
C6H2Cl5N
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,4-BIS(2-METHYLSTYRYL)BENZENE
CAS:
13280-61-0
MF:
C24H22
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pyrene
CAS:
129-00-0
MF:
C16H10
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Pentamidine isethionate
CAS:
140-64-7
MF:
C23H36N4O10S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Closantel sodium
CAS:
61438-64-0
MF:
C22H15Cl2I2N2NaO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ufiprazole
CAS:
73590-85-9
MF:
C17H19N3O2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Benzidine
CAS:
92-87-5
MF:
C12H12N2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic Monohydrate
CAS:
10049-21-5
MF:
H4NaO5P
Structure:
Chemical Name:
SAQUINAVIR MESYLATE
CAS:
149845-06-7
MF:
C39H54N6O8S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Tiagabine hydrochloride
CAS:
145821-59-6
MF:
C20H26ClNO2S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
CAS:
10199-89-0
MF:
C6H2ClN3O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Methyl 2,4-dichlorophenylacetate
CAS:
55954-23-9
MF:
C9H8Cl2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
GENITE
CAS:
97-16-5
MF:
C12H8Cl2O3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Norandrostenedione
CAS:
734-32-7
MF:
C18H24O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-(-)-1-Phenylethyl isocyanate
CAS:
14649-03-7
MF:
C9H9NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TRANS-1,2-DIAMINOCYCLOHEXANE-N,N,N',N'-TETRAACETIC ACID MONOHYDRATE
CAS:
125572-95-4
MF:
C14H24N2O9
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Fluorescein diacetate
CAS:
596-09-8
MF:
C24H16O7
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-(Aminomethyl)-1-ethylpyrrolidine
CAS:
26116-12-1
MF:
C7H16N2